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California Constitution Article I Declaration Of RightsLegal Research Home > California Lawyer > Constitution > California Constitution Article I Declaration Of Rights Sponsored LinksAll people are by nature free and independent and have inalienable rights. Among these are enjoying and defending life and liberty, acquiring, possessing, and protecting... (a) Every person may freely speak, write and publish his or her sentiments on all subjects, being responsible for the abuse of this right. A... (a) The people have the right to instruct their representatives, petition government for redress of grievances, and assemble freely to consult for the common good.... Free exercise and enjoyment of religion without discrimination or preference are guaranteed. This liberty of conscience does not excuse acts that are licentious or inconsistent... The military is subordinate to civil power. A standing army may not be maintained in peacetime. Soldiers may not be quartered in any house in... Slavery is prohibited. Involuntary servitude is prohibited except to punish crime. (a) A person may not be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of law or denied equal protection of the laws; provided,... A person may not be disqualified from entering or pursuing a business, profession, vocation, or employment because of sex, race, creed, color, or national or... A bill of attainder, ex post facto law, or law impairing the obligation of contracts may not be passed. Witnesses may not be unreasonably detained. A person may not be imprisoned in a civil action for debt or tort, or in peacetime for a... Habeas corpus may not be suspended unless required by public safety in cases of rebellion or invasion. A person shall be released on bail by sufficient sureties, except for: (a) Capital crimes when the facts are evident or the presumption great; (b)... The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects against unreasonable seizures and searches may not be violated; and... Felonies shall be prosecuted as provided by law, either by indictment or, after examination and commitment by a magistrate, by information. A person charged with... If a felony is prosecuted by indictment, there shall be no postindictment preliminary hearing. The defendant in a criminal cause has the right to a speedy public trial, to compel attendance of witnesses in the defendant's behalf, to have... Trial by jury is an inviolate right and shall be secured to all, but in a civil cause three-fourths of the jury may render a... Cruel or unusual punishment may not be inflicted or excessive fines imposed. Treason against the State consists only in levying war against it, adhering to its enemies, or giving them aid and comfort. A person may not... (a) Private property may be taken or damaged for a public use and only when just compensation, ascertained by a jury unless waived, has first... Noncitizens have the same property rights as citizens. Property owned before marriage or acquired during marriage by gift, will, or inheritance is separate property. The right to vote or hold office may not be conditioned by a property qualification. One or more grand juries shall be drawn and summoned at least once a year in each county. Rights guaranteed by this Constitution are not dependent on those guaranteed by the United States Constitution. In criminal cases the rights of a defendant to... The people shall have the right to fish upon and from the public lands of the State and in the waters thereof, excepting upon lands... The provisions of this Constitution are mandatory and prohibitory, unless by express words they are declared to be otherwise. All statutes of this State in effect on February 17, 1972, requiring, authorizing, imposing, or relating to the death penalty are in full force and... (a) The People of the State of California find and declare that the enactment of comprehensive provisions and laws ensuring a bill of rights for... In a criminal case, the people of the State of California have the right to due process of law and to a speedy and public (a) This Constitution shall not be construed by the courts to prohibit the joining of criminal cases as prescribed by the Legislature or by the... (a) The State shall not discriminate against, or grant preferential treatment to, any individual or group on the basis of race, sex, color, ethnicity, or... Last modified: August 5, 2008 |