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Michigan Compiled Laws - Constitution Of The State Of Michigan Of 1963

Legal Research Home > Michigan Lawyer > Constitution Of The State Of Michigan Of 1963 > Michigan Compiled Laws - Constitution Of The State Of Michigan Of 1963

• Political Power - Mich. Comp. Laws I § 1
  All political power is inherent in the people. Government is instituted for their equal benefit, security and protection. History: Const. 1963, Art. I, § ...
• Equal Protection; Discrimination - Mich. Comp. Laws I § 2
  No person shall be denied the equal protection of the laws; nor shall any person be denied the enjoyment of his civil or political ...
• Assembly, Consultation, Instruction, Petition - Mich. Comp. Laws I § 3
  The people have the right peaceably to assemble, to consult for the common good, to instruct their representatives and to petition the government for ...
• Freedom Of Worship And Religious Belief; Appropriations - Mich. Comp. Laws I § 4
  Every person shall be at liberty to worship God according to the dictates of his own conscience. No person shall be compelled to attend, ...
• Freedom Of Speech And Of Press - Mich. Comp. Laws I § 5
  Every person may freely speak, write, express and publish his views on all subjects, being responsible for the abuse of such right; and no ...
• Bearing Of Arms - Mich. Comp. Laws I § 6
  Every person has a right to keep and bear arms for the defense of himself and the state. History: Const. 1963, Art. I, § ...
• Military Power Subordinate To Civil Power - Mich. Comp. Laws I § 7
  The military shall in all cases and at all times be in strict subordination to the civil power. History: Const. 1963, Art. I, § ...
• Quartering Of Soldiers - Mich. Comp. Laws I § 8
  No soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in any house without the consent of the owner or occupant, nor in time of ...
• Slavery And Involuntary Servitude - Mich. Comp. Laws I § 9
  Neither slavery, nor involuntary servitude unless for the punishment of crime, shall ever be tolerated in this state. History: Const. 1963, Art. I, § ...
• Attainder; Ex Post Facto Laws; Impairment Of Contracts - Mich. Comp. Laws I § 10
  No bill of attainder, ex post facto law or law impairing the obligation of contract shall be enacted. History: Const. 1963, Art. I, § ...
• Searches And Seizures - Mich. Comp. Laws I § 11
  The person, houses, papers and possessions of every person shall be secure from unreasonable searches and seizures. No warrant to search any place or ...
• Habeas Corpus - Mich. Comp. Laws I § 12
  The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended unless in case of rebellion or invasion the public safety may require ...
• Conduct Of Suits In Person Or By Counsel - Mich. Comp. Laws I § 13
  A suitor in any court of this state has the right to prosecute or defend his suit, either in his own proper person or ...
• Jury Trials - Mich. Comp. Laws I § 14
  The right of trial by jury shall remain, but shall be waived in all civil cases unless demanded by one of the parties in ...
• Double Jeopardy; Bailable Offenses; Commencement Of Trial If Bail Denied; Bail Hearing; Effective Date - Mich. Comp. Laws I § 15
  No person shall be subject for the same offense to be twice put in jeopardy. All persons shall, before conviction, be bailable by sufficient ...
• Bail; Fines; Punishments; Detention Of Witnesses - Mich. Comp. Laws I § 16
  Excessive bail shall not be required; excessive fines shall not be imposed; cruel or unusual punishment shall not be inflicted; nor shall witnesses be ...
• Self-Incrimination; Due Process Of Law; Fair Treatment At Investigations - Mich. Comp. Laws I § 17
  No person shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty or property, without ...
• Witnesses; Competency, Religious Beliefs - Mich. Comp. Laws I § 18
  No person shall be rendered incompetent to be a witness on account of his opinions on matters of religious belief. History: Const. 1963, Art. ...
• Libels, Truth As Defense - Mich. Comp. Laws I § 19
  In all prosecutions for libels the truth may be given in evidence to the jury; and, if it appears to the jury that the ...
• Rights Of Accused In Criminal Proceedings - Mich. Comp. Laws I § 20
  In every criminal prosecution, the accused shall have the right to a speedy and public trial by an impartial jury, which may consist of ...
• Imprisonment For Debt - Mich. Comp. Laws I § 21
  No person shall be imprisoned for debt arising out of or founded on contract, express or implied, except in cases of fraud or breach ...
• Treason; Definition, Evidence - Mich. Comp. Laws I § 22
  Treason against the state shall consist only in levying war against it or in adhering to its enemies, giving them aid and comfort. No ...
• Enumeration Of Rights Not To Deny Others - Mich. Comp. Laws I § 23
  The enumeration in this constitution of certain rights shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people. History: Const. 1963, ...
• Rights Of Crime Victims; Enforcement; Assessment Against Convicted Defendants - Mich. Comp. Laws I § 24
  (1) Crime victims, as defined by law, shall have the following rights, as provided by law: The right to be treated with fairness and respect ...
• Marriage - Mich. Comp. Laws I § 25
  To secure and preserve the benefits of marriage for our society and for future generations of children, the union of one man and one ...
• Affirmative Action Programs - Mich. Comp. Laws I § 26
  (2) The state shall not discriminate against, or grant preferential treatment to, any individual or group on the basis of race, sex, color, ethnicity, or ...
• Qualifications Of Electors; Residence - Mich. Comp. Laws II § 1
  Every citizen of the United States who has attained the age of 21 years, who has resided in this state six months, and who ...
• Mental Incompetence; Imprisonment - Mich. Comp. Laws II § 2
  The legislature may by law exclude persons from voting because of mental incompetence or commitment to a jail or penal institution. History: Const. 1963, ...
• Presidential Electors; Residence - Mich. Comp. Laws II § 3
  For purposes of voting in the election for president and vice-president of the United States only, the legislature may by law establish lesser residence ...
• Place And Manner Of Elections - Mich. Comp. Laws II § 4
  The legislature shall enact laws to regulate the time, place and manner of all nominations and elections, except as otherwise provided in this constitution ...
• Time Of Elections - Mich. Comp. Laws II § 5
  Except for special elections to fill vacancies, or as otherwise provided in this constitution, all elections for national, state, county and township offices shall ...
• Voters On Tax Limit Increases Or Bond Issues - Mich. Comp. Laws II § 6
  Whenever any question is required to be submitted by a political subdivision to the electors for the increase of the ad valorem tax rate ...
• Boards Of Canvassers - Mich. Comp. Laws II § 7
  A board of state canvassers of four members shall be established by law. No candidate for an office to be canvassed nor any inspector ...
• Recalls - Mich. Comp. Laws II § 8
  Laws shall be enacted to provide for the recall of all elective officers except judges of courts of record upon petition of electors equal ...
• Initiative And Referendum; Limitations; Appropriations; Petitions - Mich. Comp. Laws II § 9
  The people reserve to themselves the power to propose laws and to enact and reject laws, called the initiative, and the power to approve ...
• Limitations On Terms Of Office Of Members Of The United States House Of Representatives And United States Senate From Michigan - Mich. Comp. Laws II § 10
  No person shall be elected to office as representative in the United States House of Representatives more than three times during any twelve year ...
• Seat Of Government - Mich. Comp. Laws III § 1
  The seat of government shall be at Lansing. History: Const. 1963, Art. III, § 1, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964 Former Constitution: See Const. 1908, ...
• Separation Of Powers Of Government - Mich. Comp. Laws III § 2
  The powers of government are divided into three branches: legislative, executive and judicial. No person exercising powers of one branch shall exercise powers properly ...
• Great Seal - Mich. Comp. Laws III § 3
  There shall be a great seal of the State of Michigan and its use shall be provided by law. History: Const. 1963, Art. III, ...
• Militia - Mich. Comp. Laws III § 4
  The militia shall be organized, equipped and disciplined as provided by law. History: Const. 1963, Art. III, § 4, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964 Former ...
• Intergovernmental Agreements; Service By Public Officers And Employees - Mich. Comp. Laws III § 5
  Subject to provisions of general law, this state or any political subdivision thereof, any governmental authority or any combination thereof may enter into agreements ...
• Internal Improvements - Mich. Comp. Laws III § 6
  The state shall not be a party to, nor be financially interested in, any work of internal improvement, nor engage in carrying on any ...
• Common Law And Statutes, Continuance - Mich. Comp. Laws III § 7
  The common law and the statute laws now in force, not repugnant to this constitution, shall remain in force until they expire by their ...
• Opinions On Constitutionality By Supreme Court - Mich. Comp. Laws III § 8
  Either house of the legislature or the governor may request the opinion of the supreme court on important questions of law upon solemn occasions ...
• Legislative Power - Mich. Comp. Laws IV § 1
  The legislative power of the State of Michigan is vested in a senate and a house of representatives. History: Const. 1963, Art. IV, § ...
• Senators, Number, Term - Mich. Comp. Laws IV § 2
  The senate shall consist of 38 members to be elected from single member districts at the same election as the governor for four-year terms ...
• Representatives, Number, Term; Contiguity Of Districts - Mich. Comp. Laws IV § 3
  The house of representatives shall consist of 110 members elected for two-year terms from single member districts apportioned on a basis of population as ...
• Annexation Or Merger With A City - Mich. Comp. Laws IV § 4
  In counties having more than one representative or senatorial district, the territory in the same county annexed to or merged with a city between ...
• Island Areas, Contiguity - Mich. Comp. Laws IV § 5
  Island areas are considered to be contiguous by land to the county of which they are a part. History: Const. 1963, Art. IV, § ...
• Commission On Legislative Apportionment - Mich. Comp. Laws IV § 6
  A commission on legislative apportionment is hereby established consisting of eight electors, four of whom shall be selected by the state organizations of each ...
• Legislators; Qualifications, Removal From District - Mich. Comp. Laws IV § 7
  Each senator and representative must be a citizen of the United States, at least 21 years of age, and an elector of the district ...
• Ineligibility Of Government Officers And Employees - Mich. Comp. Laws IV § 8
  No person holding any office, employment or position under the United States or this state or a political subdivision thereof, except notaries public and ...
• Civil Appointments, Ineligibility Of Legislators - Mich. Comp. Laws IV § 9
  No person elected to the legislature shall receive any civil appointment within this state from the governor, except notaries public, from the legislature, or ...
• Legislators And State Officers, Government Contracts, Conflict Of Interest - Mich. Comp. Laws IV § 10
  No member of the legislature nor any state officer shall be interested directly or indirectly in any contract with the state or any political ...
• Legislators Privileged From Civil Arrest And Civil Process; Limitation; Questioning For Speech In Either House Prohibited - Mich. Comp. Laws IV § 11
  Except as provided by law, senators and representatives shall be privileged from civil arrest and civil process during sessions of the legislature and for ...
• State Officers Compensation Commission - Mich. Comp. Laws IV § 12
  The state officers compensation commission is created which subject to this section shall determine the salaries and expense allowances of the members of the ...
• Legislature; Time Of Convening, Sine Die Adjournment, Measures Carried Over - Mich. Comp. Laws IV § 13
  The legislature shall meet at the seat of government on the second Wednesday in January of each year at twelve o'clock noon. Each regular ...
• Quorum; Powers Of Less Than Quorum - Mich. Comp. Laws IV § 14
  A majority of the members elected to and serving in each house shall constitute a quorum to do business. A smaller number in each ...
• Legislative Council - Mich. Comp. Laws IV § 15
  There shall be a bi-partisan legislative council consisting of legislators appointed in the manner prescribed by law. The legislature shall appropriate funds for the ...
• Legislature; Officers, Rules Of Procedure, Expulsion Of Members - Mich. Comp. Laws IV § 16
  Each house, except as otherwise provided in this constitution, shall choose its own officers and determine the rules of its proceedings, but shall not ...
• Committees; Record Of Votes, Public Inspection, Notice Of Hearings - Mich. Comp. Laws IV § 17
  Each house of the legislature may establish the committees necessary for the efficient conduct of its business and the legislature may create joint committees. ...
• Journal Of Proceedings; Record Of Votes, Dissents - Mich. Comp. Laws IV § 18
  Each house shall keep a journal of its proceedings, and publish the same unless the public security otherwise requires. The record of the vote ...
• Record Of Votes On Elections And Advice And Consent - Mich. Comp. Laws IV § 19
  All elections in either house or in joint convention and all votes on appointments submitted to the senate for advice and consent shall be ...
• Open Meetings - Mich. Comp. Laws IV § 20
  The doors of each house shall be open unless the public security otherwise requires. History: Const. 1963, Art. IV, § 20, Eff. Jan. 1, ...
• Adjournments, Limitations - Mich. Comp. Laws IV § 21
  Neither house shall, without the consent of the other, adjourn for more than two intervening calendar days, nor to any place other than where ...
• Bills - Mich. Comp. Laws IV § 22
  All legislation shall be by bill and may originate in either house. History: Const. 1963, Art. IV, § 22, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964 Former ...
• Style Of Laws - Mich. Comp. Laws IV § 23
  The style of the laws shall be: The People of the State of Michigan enact. History: Const. 1963, Art. IV, § 23, Eff. Jan. ...
• Laws; Object, Title, Amendments Changing Purpose - Mich. Comp. Laws IV § 24
  No law shall embrace more than one object, which shall be expressed in its title. No bill shall be altered or amended on its ...
• Revision And Amendment Of Laws; Title References, Publication Of Entire Sections - Mich. Comp. Laws IV § 25
  No law shall be revised, altered or amended by reference to its title only. The section or sections of the act altered or amended ...
• Bills; Printing, Possession, Reading, Vote On Passage - Mich. Comp. Laws IV § 26
  No bill shall be passed or become a law at any regular session of the legislature until it has been printed or reproduced and ...
• Laws, Effective Date - Mich. Comp. Laws IV § 27
  No act shall take effect until the expiration of 90 days from the end of the session at which it was passed, but the ...
• Bills, Subjects At Special Session - Mich. Comp. Laws IV § 28
  When the legislature is convened on extraordinary occasions in special session no bill shall be passed on any subjects other than those expressly stated ...
• Local Or Special Acts - Mich. Comp. Laws IV § 29
  The legislature shall pass no local or special act in any case where a general act can be made applicable, and whether a general ...
• Appropriations; Local Or Private Purposes - Mich. Comp. Laws IV § 30
  The assent of two-thirds of the members elected to and serving in each house of the legislature shall be required for the appropriation of ...
• General Appropriation Bills; Priority, Statement Of Estimated Revenue - Mich. Comp. Laws IV § 31
  The general appropriation bills for the succeeding fiscal period covering items set forth in the budget shall be passed or rejected in either house ...
• Laws Imposing Taxes - Mich. Comp. Laws IV § 32
  Every law which imposes, continues or revives a tax shall distinctly state the tax. History: Const. 1963, Art. IV, § 32, Eff. Jan. 1, ...
• Bills Passed; Approval By Governor Or Veto, Reconsideration By Legislature - Mich. Comp. Laws IV § 33
  Every bill passed by the legislature shall be presented to the governor before it becomes law, and the governor shall have 14 days measured ...
• Bills, Referendum - Mich. Comp. Laws IV § 34
  Any bill passed by the legislature and approved by the governor, except a bill appropriating money, may provide that it will not become law ...
• Publication And Distribution Of Laws And Judicial Decisions - Mich. Comp. Laws IV § 35
  All laws enacted at any session of the legislature shall be published in book form within 60 days after final adjournment of the session, ...
• General Revision Of Laws; Compilation Of Laws - Mich. Comp. Laws IV § 36
  No general revision of the laws shall be made. The legislature may provide for a compilation of the laws in force, arranged without alteration, ...
• Administrative Rules, Suspension By Legislative Committee - Mich. Comp. Laws IV § 37
  The legislature may by concurrent resolution empower a joint committee of the legislature, acting between sessions, to suspend any rule or regulation promulgated by ...
• Vacancies In Office - Mich. Comp. Laws IV § 38
  The legislature may provide by law the cases in which any office shall be vacant and the manner of filling vacancies where no provision ...
• Continuity Of Government In Emergencies - Mich. Comp. Laws IV § 39
  In order to insure continuity of state and local governmental operations in periods of emergency only, resulting from disasters occurring in this state caused ...
• Alcoholic Beverages; Age Requirement; Liquor Control Commission; Excise Tax; Local Option - Mich. Comp. Laws IV § 40
  A person shall not sell or give any alcoholic beverage to any person who has not reached the age of 21 years. A person ...
• Lotteries - Mich. Comp. Laws IV § 41
  The legislature may authorize lotteries and permit the sale of lottery tickets in the manner provided by law. No law enacted after January 1, ...
• Ports And Port Districts; Incorporation, Internal - Mich. Comp. Laws IV § 42
  The legislature may provide for the incorporation of ports and port districts, and confer power and authority upon them to engage in work of ...
• Bank And Trust Company Laws - Mich. Comp. Laws IV § 43
  No general law providing for the incorporation of trust companies or corporations for banking purposes, or regulating the business thereof, shall be enacted, amended ...
• Trial By Jury In Civil Cases - Mich. Comp. Laws IV § 44
  The legislature may authorize a trial by a jury of less than 12 jurors in civil cases. History: Const. 1963, Art. IV, § 44, ...
• Indeterminate Sentences - Mich. Comp. Laws IV § 45
  The legislature may provide for indeterminate sentences as punishment for crime and for the detention and release of persons imprisoned or detained under such ...
• Death Penalty - Mich. Comp. Laws IV § 46
  No law shall be enacted providing for the penalty of death. History: Const. 1963, Art. IV, § 46, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964 ...
• Chaplains In State Institutions - Mich. Comp. Laws IV § 47
  The legislature may authorize the employment of chaplains in state institutions of detention or confinement. History: Const. 1963, Art. IV, § 47, Eff. Jan. ...
• Disputes Concerning Public Employees - Mich. Comp. Laws IV § 48
  The legislature may enact laws providing for the resolution of disputes concerning public employees, except those in the state classified civil service. History: Const. ...
• Hours And Conditions Of Employment - Mich. Comp. Laws IV § 49
  The legislature may enact laws relative to the hours and conditions of employment. History: Const. 1963, Art. IV, § 49, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964 ...
• Atomic And New Forms Of Energy - Mich. Comp. Laws IV § 50
  The legislature may provide safety measures and regulate the use of atomic energy and forms of energy developed in the future, having in view ...
• Public Health And General Welfare - Mich. Comp. Laws IV § 51
  The public health and general welfare of the people of the state are hereby declared to be matters of primary public concern. The legislature ...
• Natural Resources; Conservation, Pollution, Impairment, Destruction - Mich. Comp. Laws IV § 52
  The conservation and development of the natural resources of the state are hereby declared to be of paramount public concern in the interest of ...
• Auditor General; Appointment, Qualifications, Term, Removal, Post Audits - Mich. Comp. Laws IV § 53
  The legislature by a majority vote of the members elected to and serving in each house, shall appoint an auditor general, who shall be ...
• Limitations On Terms Of Office Of State Legislators - Mich. Comp. Laws IV § 54
  No person shall be elected to the office of state representative more than three times. No person shall be elected to the office of ...
• Executive Power - Mich. Comp. Laws V § 1
  The executive power is vested in the governor. History: Const. 1963, Art. V, § 1, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964 Former Constitution: See Const. 1908, ...
• Principal Departments - Mich. Comp. Laws V § 2
  All executive and administrative offices, agencies and instrumentalities of the executive branch of state government and their respective functions, powers and duties, except for ...
• Single Heads Of Departments; Appointment, Term - Mich. Comp. Laws V § 3
  The head of each principal department shall be a single executive unless otherwise provided in this constitution or by law. The single executives heading ...
• Commissions Or Agencies For Less Than 2 Years - Mich. Comp. Laws V § 4
  Temporary commissions or agencies for special purposes with a life of no more than two years may be established by law and need not ...
• Examining Or Licensing Board Members, Qualifications - Mich. Comp. Laws V § 5
  A majority of the members of an appointed examining or licensing board of a profession shall be members of that profession. History: Const. 1963, ...
• Advice And Consent To Appointments - Mich. Comp. Laws V § 6
  Appointment by and with the advice and consent of the senate when used in this constitution or laws in effect or hereafter enacted means ...
• Vacancies In Office; Filling, Senatorial Disapproval Of Appointees - Mich. Comp. Laws V § 7
  Vacancies in any office, appointment to which requires advice and consent of the senate, shall be filled by the governor by and with the ...
• Principal Departments, Supervision Of Governor; Information From State Officers - Mich. Comp. Laws V § 8
  Each principal department shall be under the supervision of the governor unless otherwise provided by this constitution. The governor shall take care that the ...
• Principal Departments, Location - Mich. Comp. Laws V § 9
  Single executives heading principal departments and the chief executive officers of principal departments headed by boards or commissions shall keep their offices at the ...
• Removal Or Suspension Of Officers; Grounds, Report - Mich. Comp. Laws V § 10
  The governor shall have power and it shall be his duty to inquire into the condition and administration of any public office and the ...
• Provisional Appointments To Fill Vacancies Due To Suspension - Mich. Comp. Laws V § 11
  The governor may make a provisional appointment to fill a vacancy occasioned by the suspension of an appointed or elected officer, other than a ...
• Military Powers - Mich. Comp. Laws V § 12
  The governor shall be commander-in-chief of the armed forces and may call them out to execute the laws, suppress insurrection and repel invasion. History: ...
• Elections To Fill Vacancies In Legislature - Mich. Comp. Laws V § 13
  The governor shall issue writs of election to fill vacancies in the senate or house of representatives. Any such election shall be held in ...
• Reprieves, Commutations And Pardons - Mich. Comp. Laws V § 14
  The governor shall have power to grant reprieves, commutations and pardons after convictions for all offenses, except cases of impeachment, upon such conditions and ...
• Extra Sessions Of Legislature - Mich. Comp. Laws V § 15
  The governor may convene the legislature on extraordinary occasions. History: Const. 1963, Art. V, § 15, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964 Former Constitution: See Const. ...
• Legislature Other Than At Seat Of Government - Mich. Comp. Laws V § 16
  The governor may convene the legislature at some other place when the seat of government becomes dangerous from any cause. History: Const. 1963, Art. ...
• Messages And Recommendations To Legislature - Mich. Comp. Laws V § 17
  The governor shall communicate by message to the legislature at the beginning of each session and may at other times present to the legislature ...
• Budget; General And Deficiency Appropriation Bills - Mich. Comp. Laws V § 18
  The governor shall submit to the legislature at a time fixed by law, a budget for the ensuing fiscal period setting forth in detail, ...
• Disapproval Of Items In Appropriation Bills - Mich. Comp. Laws V § 19
  The governor may disapprove any distinct item or items appropriating moneys in any appropriation bill. The part or parts approved shall become law, and ...
• Reductions In Expenditures - Mich. Comp. Laws V § 20
  No appropriation shall be a mandate to spend. The governor, with the approval of the appropriating committees of the house and senate, shall reduce ...
• State Elective Executive Officers; Term, Election - Mich. Comp. Laws V § 21
  The governor, lieutenant governor, secretary of state and attorney general shall be elected for four-year terms at the general election in each alternate even-numbered ...
• Governor And Lieutenant Governor, Qualifications - Mich. Comp. Laws V § 22
  To be eligible for the office of governor or lieutenant governor a person must have attained the age of 30 years, and have been ...
• State Elective Executive Officers, Compensation - Mich. Comp. Laws V § 23
  The governor, lieutenant governor, secretary of state and attorney general shall each receive the compensation provided by law in full payment for all services ...
• Executive Residence - Mich. Comp. Laws V § 24
  An executive residence suitably furnished shall be provided at the seat of government for the use of the governor. He shall receive an allowance ...
• Lieutenant Governor; President Of Senate, Tie Vote, Duties - Mich. Comp. Laws V § 25
  The lieutenant governor shall be president of the senate, but shall have no vote, unless they be equally divided. He may perform duties requested ...
• Succession To Governorship - Mich. Comp. Laws V § 26
  In case of the conviction of the governor on impeachment, his removal from office, his resignation or his death, the lieutenant governor, the elected ...
• Salary Of Successor - Mich. Comp. Laws V § 27
  The legislature shall provide that the salary of any state officer while acting as governor shall be equal to that of the governor. History: ...
• State Transportation Commission; Establishment; Purpose; Appointment, Qualifications, And Terms Of Members; Director Of State Transportation Department - Mich. Comp. Laws V § 28
  There is hereby established a state transportation commission, which shall establish policy for the state transportation department transportation programs and facilities, and such other ...
• Civil Rights Commission; Members, Term, Duties, Appropriation - Mich. Comp. Laws V § 29
  There is hereby established a civil rights commission which shall consist of eight persons, not more than four of whom shall be members of ...
• Limitations On Terms Of Executive Officers - Mich. Comp. Laws V § 30
  No person shall be elected more than two times to each office of the executive branch of government: governor, lieutenant governor, secretary of state ...
• Judicial Power In Court Of Justice; Divisions - Mich. Comp. Laws VI § 1
  The judicial power of the state is vested exclusively in one court of justice which shall be divided into one supreme court, one court ...
• Justices Of The Supreme Court; Number, Term, Nomination, Election - Mich. Comp. Laws VI § 2
  The supreme court shall consist of seven justices elected at non-partisan elections as provided by law. The term of office shall be eight years ...
• Chief Justice; Court Administrator; Other Assistants - Mich. Comp. Laws VI § 3
  One justice of the supreme court shall be selected by the court as its chief justice as provided by rules of the court. He ...
• General Superintending Control Over Courts; Writs; Appellate Jurisdiction - Mich. Comp. Laws VI § 4
  The supreme court shall have general superintending control over all courts; power to issue, hear and determine prerogative and remedial writs; and appellate jurisdiction ...
• Court Rules; Distinctions Between Law And Equity; Master In Chancery - Mich. Comp. Laws VI § 5
  The supreme court shall by general rules establish, modify, amend and simplify the practice and procedure in all courts of this state. The distinctions ...
• Decisions And Dissents; Writing, Contents - Mich. Comp. Laws VI § 6
  Decisions of the supreme court, including all decisions on prerogative writs, shall be in writing and shall contain a concise statement of the facts ...
• Staff; Budget; Salaries Of Justices; Fees - Mich. Comp. Laws VI § 7
  The supreme court may appoint, may remove, and shall have general supervision of its staff. It shall have control of the preparation of its ...
• Court Of Appeals; Election Of Judges, Divisions - Mich. Comp. Laws VI § 8
  The court of appeals shall consist initially of nine judges who shall be nominated and elected at non-partisan elections from districts drawn on county ...
• Judges Of Court Of Appeals, Terms - Mich. Comp. Laws VI § 9
  Judges of the court of appeals shall hold office for a term of six years and until their successors are elected and qualified. The ...
• Jurisdiction, Practice And Procedure Of Court Of Appeals - Mich. Comp. Laws VI § 10
  The jurisdiction of the court of appeals shall be provided by law and the practice and procedure therein shall be prescribed by rules of ...
• Circuit Courts; Judicial Circuits, Sessions, Number Of Judges - Mich. Comp. Laws VI § 11
  The state shall be divided into judicial circuits along county lines in each of which there shall be elected one or more circuit judges ...
• Circuit Judges; Nomination, Election, Term - Mich. Comp. Laws VI § 12
  Circuit judges shall be nominated and elected at non-partisan elections in the circuit in which they reside, and shall hold office for a term ...
• Circuit Courts; Jurisdiction, Writs, Supervisory Control Over Inferior Courts - Mich. Comp. Laws VI § 13
  The circuit court shall have original jurisdiction in all matters not prohibited by law; appellate jurisdiction from all inferior courts and tribunals except as ...
• County Clerks; Duties, Vacancies; Prosecuting Attorneys, Vacancies - Mich. Comp. Laws VI § 14
  The clerk of each county organized for judicial purposes or other officer performing the duties of such office as provided in a county charter ...
• Probate Courts; Districts, Jurisdiction - Mich. Comp. Laws VI § 15
  In each county organized for judicial purposes there shall be a probate court. The legislature may create or alter probate court districts of more ...
• Probate Judges; Nomination, Election, Terms - Mich. Comp. Laws VI § 16
  One or more judges of probate as provided by law shall be nominated and elected at non-partisan elections in the counties or the probate ...
• Judicial Salaries And Fees - Mich. Comp. Laws VI § 17
  No judge or justice of any court of this state shall be paid from the fees of his office nor shall the amount of ...
• Salaries; Uniformity, Changes During Term - Mich. Comp. Laws VI § 18
  Salaries of justices of the supreme court, of the judges of the court of appeals, of the circuit judges within a circuit, and of ...
• Courts Of Record; Seal, Qualifications Of Judges - Mich. Comp. Laws VI § 19
  (1) The supreme court, the court of appeals, the circuit court, the probate court and other courts designated as such by the legislature shall be ...
• Removal Of Domicile Of Judge - Mich. Comp. Laws VI § 20
  Whenever a justice or judge removes his domicile beyond the limits of the territory from which he was elected or appointed, he shall have ...
• Ineligibility For Other Office - Mich. Comp. Laws VI § 21
  Any justice or judge of a court of record shall be ineligible to be nominated for or elected to an elective office other than ...
• Incumbent Judges, Affidavit Of Candidacy - Mich. Comp. Laws VI § 22
  Any judge of the court of appeals, circuit court or probate court may become a candidate in the primary election for the office of ...
• Judicial Vacancies, Filling; Appointee, Term; Successor; New Offices - Mich. Comp. Laws VI § 23
  A vacancy shall occur in the office of judge of any court of record or in the district court by death, removal, resignation or ...
• Incumbent Judges, Ballot Designation - Mich. Comp. Laws VI § 24
  There shall be printed upon the ballot under the name of each incumbent justice or judge who is a candidate for nomination or election ...
• Removal Of Judges From Office - Mich. Comp. Laws VI § 25
  For reasonable cause, which is not sufficient ground for impeachment, the governor shall remove any judge on a concurrent resolution of two-thirds of the ...
• Circuit Court Commissioners And Justices Of The Peace, Abolition; Courts Of Limited Jurisdiction - Mich. Comp. Laws VI § 26
  The offices of circuit court commissioner and justice of the peace are abolished at the expiration of five years from the date this constitution ...
• Power Of Appointment To Public Office - Mich. Comp. Laws VI § 27
  The supreme court, the court of appeals, the circuit court, or any justices or judges thereof, shall not exercise any power of appointment to ...
• Administrative Action, Review - Mich. Comp. Laws VI § 28
  All final decisions, findings, rulings and orders of any administrative officer or agency existing under the constitution or by law, which are judicial or ...
• Conservators Of The Peace - Mich. Comp. Laws VI § 29
  Justices of the supreme court, judges of the court of appeals, circuit judges and other judges as provided by law shall be conservators of ...
• Judicial Tenure Commission; Selection; Terms; Duties; Power Of Supreme Court - Mich. Comp. Laws VI § 30
  (1) A judicial tenure commission is established consisting of nine persons selected for three-year terms as follows: Four members shall be judges elected by the ...
• Counties; Corporate Character, Powers And Immunities - Mich. Comp. Laws VII § 1
  Each organized county shall be a body corporate with powers and immunities provided by law. History: Const. 1963, Art. VII, § 1, Eff. Jan. ...
• County Charters - Mich. Comp. Laws VII § 2
  Any county may frame, adopt, amend or repeal a county charter in a manner and with powers and limitations to be provided by general ...
• Reduction Of Size Of County - Mich. Comp. Laws VII § 3
  No organized county shall be reduced by the organization of new counties to less than 16 townships as surveyed by the United States, unless ...
• County Officers; Terms, Combination - Mich. Comp. Laws VII § 4
  There shall be elected for four-year terms in each organized county a sheriff, a county clerk, a county treasurer, a register of deeds and ...
• Offices At County Seat - Mich. Comp. Laws VII § 5
  The sheriff, county clerk, county treasurer and register of deeds shall hold their principal offices at the county seat. History: Const. 1963, Art. VII, ...
• Sheriffs; Security, Responsibility For Acts, Ineligibility For Other Office - Mich. Comp. Laws VII § 6
  The sheriff may be required by law to renew his security periodically and in default of giving such security, his office shall be vacant. ...
• Boards Of Supervisors; Members - Mich. Comp. Laws VII § 7
  A board of supervisors shall be established in each organized county consisting of one member from each organized township and such representation from cities ...
• Legislative, Administrative, And Other Powers And Duties Of Boards - Mich. Comp. Laws VII § 8
  Boards of supervisors shall have legislative, administrative and such other powers and duties as provided by law. History: Const. 1963, Art. VII, § 8, ...
• Compensation Of County Officers - Mich. Comp. Laws VII § 9
  Boards of supervisors shall have exclusive power to fix the compensation of county officers not otherwise provided by law. History: Const. 1963, Art. VII, ...
• Removal Of County Seat - Mich. Comp. Laws VII § 10
  A county seat once established shall not be removed until the place to which it is proposed to be moved shall be designated by ...
• Indebtedness, Limitation - Mich. Comp. Laws VII § 11
  No county shall incur any indebtedness which shall increase its total debt beyond 10 percent of its assessed valuation. History: Const. 1963, Art. VII, ...
• Navigable Streams, Permission To Bridge Or Dam - Mich. Comp. Laws VII § 12
  A navigable stream shall not be bridged or dammed without permission granted by the board of supervisors of the county as provided by law, ...
• Consolidation Of Counties, Approval By Electors - Mich. Comp. Laws VII § 13
  Two or more contiguous counties may combine into a single county if approved in each affected county by a majority of the electors voting ...
• Organization And Consolidation Of Townships - Mich. Comp. Laws VII § 14
  The board of supervisors of each organized county may organize and consolidate townships under restrictions and limitations provided by law. History: Const. 1963, Art. ...
• County Intervention In Public Utility Service And Rate Proceedings - Mich. Comp. Laws VII § 15
  Any county, when authorized by its board of supervisors shall have the authority to enter or to intervene in any action or certificate proceeding ...
• Highways, Bridges, Culverts, Airports; Road Tax Limitation - Mich. Comp. Laws VII § 16
  The legislature may provide for the laying out, construction, improvement and maintenance of highways, bridges, culverts and airports by the state and by the ...
• Townships; Corporate Character, Powers And Immunities - Mich. Comp. Laws VII § 17
  Each organized township shall be a body corporate with powers and immunities provided by law. History: Const. 1963, Art. VII, § 17, Eff. Jan. ...
• Township Officers; Term, Powers And Duties - Mich. Comp. Laws VII § 18
  In each organized township there shall be elected for terms of not less than two nor more than four years as prescribed by law ...
• Township Public Utility Franchises - Mich. Comp. Laws VII § 19
  No organized township shall grant any public utility franchise which is not subject to revocation at the will of the township, unless the proposition ...
• Townships, Dissolution; Villages As Cities - Mich. Comp. Laws VII § 20
  The legislature shall provide by law for the dissolution of township government whenever all the territory of an organized township is included within the ...
• Cities And Villages; Incorporation, Taxes, Indebtedness - Mich. Comp. Laws VII § 21
  The legislature shall provide by general laws for the incorporation of cities and villages. Such laws shall limit their rate of ad valorem property ...
• Charters, Resolutions, Ordinances; Enumeration Of Powers - Mich. Comp. Laws VII § 22
  Under general laws the electors of each city and village shall have the power and authority to frame, adopt and amend its charter, and ...
• Parks, Boulevards, Cemeteries, Hospitals - Mich. Comp. Laws VII § 23
  Any city or village may acquire, own, establish and maintain, within or without its corporate limits, parks, boulevards, cemeteries, hospitals and all works which ...
• Public Service Facilities - Mich. Comp. Laws VII § 24
  Subject to this constitution, any city or village may acquire, own or operate, within or without its corporate limits, public service facilities for supplying ...
• Public Utilities; Acquisition, Franchises, Sale - Mich. Comp. Laws VII § 25
  No city or village shall acquire any public utility furnishing light, heat or power, or grant any public utility franchise which is not subject ...
• Cities And Villages, Loan Of Credit - Mich. Comp. Laws VII § 26
  Except as otherwise provided in this constitution, no city or village shall have the power to loan its credit for any private purpose or, ...
• Metropolitan Governments And Authorities - Mich. Comp. Laws VII § 27
  Notwithstanding any other provision of this constitution the legislature may establish in metropolitan areas additional forms of government or authorities with powers, duties and ...
• Governmental Functions And Powers; Joint Administration, Costs And Credits, Transfers - Mich. Comp. Laws VII § 28
  The legislature by general law shall authorize two or more counties, townships, cities, villages or districts, or any combination thereof among other things to: ...
• Highways, Streets, Alleys, Public Places; Control, Use By Public Utilities - Mich. Comp. Laws VII § 29
  No person, partnership, association or corporation, public or private, operating a public utility shall have the right to the use of the highways, streets, ...
• Franchises And Licenses, Duration - Mich. Comp. Laws VII § 30
  No franchise or license shall be granted by any township, city or village for a period longer than 30 years. History: Const. 1963, Art. ...
• Vacation Or Alteration Of Roads, Streets, Alleys, Public Places - Mich. Comp. Laws VII § 31
  The legislature shall not vacate or alter any road, street, alley or public place under the jurisdiction of any county, township, city or village. ...
• Budgets, Public Hearing - Mich. Comp. Laws VII § 32
  Any county, township, city, village, authority or school district empowered by the legislature or by this constitution to prepare budgets of estimated expenditures and ...
• Removal Of Elected Officers - Mich. Comp. Laws VII § 33
  Any elected officer of a political subdivision may be removed from office in the manner and for the causes provided by law. History: Const. ...
• Construction Of Constitution And Law Concerning Counties, Townships, Cities, Villages - Mich. Comp. Laws VII § 34
  The provisions of this constitution and law concerning counties, townships, cities and villages shall be liberally construed in their favor. Powers granted to counties ...
• Encouragement Of Education - Mich. Comp. Laws VIII § 1
  Religion, morality and knowledge being necessary to good government and the happiness of mankind, schools and the means of education shall forever be encouraged. ...
• Free Public Elementary And Secondary Schools; Discrimination - Mich. Comp. Laws VIII § 2
  The legislature shall maintain and support a system of free public elementary and secondary schools as defined by law. Every school district shall provide ...
• State Board Of Education; Duties - Mich. Comp. Laws VIII § 3
  Leadership and general supervision over all public education, including adult education and instructional programs in state institutions, except as to institutions of higher education ...
• Higher Education Institutions; Appropriations, Accounting, Public Sessions Of Boards - Mich. Comp. Laws VIII § 4
  The legislature shall appropriate moneys to maintain the University of Michigan, Michigan State University, Wayne State University, Eastern Michigan University, Michigan College of Science ...
• University Of Michigan, Michigan State University, Wayne State University; Controlling Boards - Mich. Comp. Laws VIII § 5
  The regents of the University of Michigan and their successors in office shall constitute a body corporate known as the Regents of the University ...
• Other Institutions Of Higher Education, Controlling Boards - Mich. Comp. Laws VIII § 6
  Other institutions of higher education established by law having authority to grant baccalaureate degrees shall each be governed by a board of control which ...
• Community And Junior Colleges; State Board, Members, Terms, Vacancies - Mich. Comp. Laws VIII § 7
  The legislature shall provide by law for the establishment and financial support of public community and junior colleges which shall be supervised and controlled ...
• Services For Disabled Persons - Mich. Comp. Laws VIII § 8
  Institutions, programs, and services for the care, treatment, education, or rehabilitation of those inhabitants who are physically, mentally, or otherwise seriously disabled shall always ...
• Public Libraries, Fines - Mich. Comp. Laws VIII § 9
  The legislature shall provide by law for the establishment and support of public libraries which shall be available to all residents of the state ...
• Taxes For State Expenses - Mich. Comp. Laws IX § 1
  The legislature shall impose taxes sufficient with other resources to pay the expenses of state government. History: Const. 1963, Art. IX, § 1, Eff. ...
• Power Of Taxation, Relinquishment - Mich. Comp. Laws IX § 2
  The power of taxation shall never be surrendered, suspended or contracted away. History: Const. 1963, Art. IX, § 2, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964 Former ...
• Property Taxation; Uniformity; Assessments; Limitations; Classes; Approval Of Legislature - Mich. Comp. Laws IX § 3
  The legislature shall provide for the uniform general ad valorem taxation of real and tangible personal property not exempt by law except for taxes ...
• Exemption Of Religious Or Educational Nonprofit Organizations - Mich. Comp. Laws IX § 4
  Property owned and occupied by non-profit religious or educational organizations and used exclusively for religious or educational purposes, as defined by law, shall be ...
• Assessment Of Property Of Public Service Businesses - Mich. Comp. Laws IX § 5
  The legislature shall provide for the assessment by the state of the property of those public service businesses assessed by the state at the ...
• Real And Tangible Personal Property; Limitation On General Ad Valorem Taxes; Adoption And Alteration Of Separate Tax Limitations; Exceptions To Limitations; Property Tax On School District Extending Into 2 Or More Counties - Mich. Comp. Laws IX § 6
  Except as otherwise provided in this constitution, the total amount of general ad valorem taxes imposed upon real and tangible personal property for all ...
• Income Tax - Mich. Comp. Laws IX § 7
  No income tax graduated as to rate or base shall be imposed by the state or any of its subdivisions. History: Const. 1963, Art. ...
• Sales And Use Taxes - Mich. Comp. Laws IX § 8
  Except as provided in this section, the Legislature shall not impose a sales tax on retailers at a rate of more than 4% of ...
• Use Of Specific Taxes On Fuels For Transportation Purposes; Authorization Of Indebtedness And Issuance Of Obligations - Mich. Comp. Laws IX § 9
  All specific taxes, except general sales and use taxes and regulatory fees, imposed directly or indirectly on fuels sold or used to propel motor ...
• Sales Tax; Distribution To Local Governments - Mich. Comp. Laws IX § 10
  Fifteen percent of all taxes imposed on retailers on taxable sales at retail of tangible personal property at a rate of not more than ...
• State School Aid Fund; Source; Distribution; Guarantee To Local School District - Mich. Comp. Laws IX § 11
  There shall be established a state school aid fund which shall be used exclusively for aid to school districts, higher education, and school employees' ...
• Evidence Of State Indebtedness - Mich. Comp. Laws IX § 12
  No evidence of state indebtedness shall be issued except for debts authorized pursuant to this constitution. History: Const. 1963, Art. IX, § 12, Eff. ...
• Public Bodies, Borrowing Power - Mich. Comp. Laws IX § 13
  Public bodies corporate shall have power to borrow money and to issue their securities evidencing debt, subject to this constitution and law. History: Const. ...
• State Borrowing; Short Term - Mich. Comp. Laws IX § 14
  To meet obligations incurred pursuant to appropriations for any fiscal year, the legislature may by law authorize the state to issue its full faith ...
• Long Term Borrowing By State - Mich. Comp. Laws IX § 15
  The state may borrow money for specific purposes in amounts as may be provided by acts of the legislature adopted by a vote of ...
• State Loans To School Districts - Mich. Comp. Laws IX § 16
  The state, in addition to any other borrowing power, may borrow from time to time such amounts as shall be required, pledge its faith ...
• Payments From State Treasury - Mich. Comp. Laws IX § 17
  No money shall be paid out of the state treasury except in pursuance of appropriations made by law. History: Const. 1963, Art. IX, § ...
• State Credit - Mich. Comp. Laws IX § 18
  The credit of the state shall not be granted to, nor in aid of any person, association or corporation, public or private, except as ...
• Subscription To Or Interest In Stock By State Prohibited; Exceptions - Mich. Comp. Laws IX § 19
  The state shall not subscribe to, nor be interested in the stock of any company, association or corporation, except as follows: (a) Funds accumulated ...
• Deposit Of State Money In Certain Financial Institutions; Requirements - Mich. Comp. Laws IX § 20
  No state money shall be deposited in banks, savings and loans associations, or credit unions, other than those organized under the law of this ...
• Accounting For Public Moneys - Mich. Comp. Laws IX § 21
  The legislature shall provide by law for the annual accounting for all public moneys, state and local, and may provide by law for interim ...
• Examination And Adjustment Of Claims Against State - Mich. Comp. Laws IX § 22
  Procedures for the examination and adjustment of claims against the state shall be prescribed by law. History: Const. 1963, Art. IX, § 22, Eff. ...
• Financial Records; Statement Of Revenues And Expenditures - Mich. Comp. Laws IX § 23
  All financial records, accountings, audit reports and other reports of public moneys shall be public records and open to inspection. A statement of all ...
• Public Pension Plans And Retirement Systems, Obligation - Mich. Comp. Laws IX § 24
  The accrued financial benefits of each pension plan and retirement system of the state and its political subdivisions shall be a contractual obligation thereof ...
• Voter Approval Of Increased Local Taxes; Prohibitions; Emergency Conditions; Repayment Of Bonded Indebtedness Guaranteed; Implementation Of Section - Mich. Comp. Laws IX § 25
  Property taxes and other local taxes and state taxation and spending may not be increased above the limitations specified herein without direct voter approval. ...
• Limitation On Taxes; Revenue Limit; Refunding Or Transferring Excess Revenues; Exceptions To Revenue Limitation; Adjustment Of State Revenue And Spending Limits - Mich. Comp. Laws IX § 26
  There is hereby established a limit on the total amount of taxes which may be imposed by the legislature in any fiscal year on ...
• Exceeding Revenue Limit; Conditions - Mich. Comp. Laws IX § 27
  The revenue limit of Section 26 of this Article may be exceeded only if all of the following conditions are met: (1) The governor ...
• Limitation On Expenses Of State Government - Mich. Comp. Laws IX § 28
  No expenses of state government shall be incurred in any fiscal year which exceed the sum of the revenue limit established in Sections 26 ...
• State Financing Of Activities Or Services Required Of Local Government By State Law - Mich. Comp. Laws IX § 29
  The state is hereby prohibited from reducing the state financed proportion of the necessary costs of any existing activity or service required of units ...
• Reduction Of State Spending Paid To Units Of Local Government - Mich. Comp. Laws IX § 30
  The proportion of total state spending paid to all units of Local Government, taken as a group, shall not be reduced below that proportion ...
• Levying Tax Or Increasing Rate Of Existing Tax; Maximum Tax Rate On New Base; Increase In Assessed Valuation Of Property; Exceptions To Limitations - Mich. Comp. Laws IX § 31
  Units of Local Government are hereby prohibited from levying any tax not authorized by law or charter when this section is ratified or from ...
• Suit To Enforce Sections 25 To 31 - Mich. Comp. Laws IX § 32
  Any taxpayer of the state shall have standing to bring suit in the Michigan State Court of Appeals to enforce the provisions of Sections ...
• Definitions Applicable To Sections 25 To 32 - Mich. Comp. Laws IX § 33
  Definitions. The definitions of this section shall apply to Section 25 through 32 of Article IX, inclusive. "Total State Revenues" includes all general and ...
• Implementation Of Sections 25 To 33 - Mich. Comp. Laws IX § 34
  The Legislature shall implement the provisions of Sections 25 through 33, inclusive, of this Article. History: Add. Initiated Law, approved Nov. 7, 1978, Eff. ...
• Michigan Natural Resources Trust Fund - Mich. Comp. Laws IX § 35
  There is hereby established the Michigan natural resources trust fund. The trust fund shall consist of all bonuses, rentals, delayed rentals, and royalties collected ...
• Michigan State Parks Endowment Fund - Mich. Comp. Laws IX § 35a
  There is hereby established the Michigan state parks endowment fund. The endowment fund shall consist of revenues as provided in section 35 of this ...
• Tax On Tobacco Products; Dedication Of Proceeds - Mich. Comp. Laws IX § 36
  Six percent of the proceeds of the tax on tobacco products shall be dedicated to improving the quality of health care of the residents ...
• Michigan Veterans' Trust Fund - Mich. Comp. Laws IX § 37
  The Michigan veterans' trust fund is established within the department of treasury. All money in the fund established by 1946 (1st Ex Sess) PA ...
• Michigan Veterans' Trust Fund Board Of Trustees; Establishment - Mich. Comp. Laws IX § 38
  The Michigan veterans' trust fund board of trustees is established and consists of veterans honorably discharged from the armed services and appointed by the ...
• Michigan Veterans' Trust Fund Board Of Trustees; Administration Of Trust Fund - Mich. Comp. Laws IX § 39
  The Michigan veterans' trust fund board of trustees shall administer the Michigan veterans' trust fund. The board of trustees shall not authorize the expenditure ...
• Michigan Conservation And Recreation Legacy Fund - Mich. Comp. Laws IX § 40
  The forest recreation account is established as an account within the legacy fund. The forest recreation account shall consist of revenue derived from concessions, leases, ...
• Michigan Game And Fish Protection Trust Fund - Mich. Comp. Laws IX § 41
  The assets of the Michigan game and fish protection trust fund shall be invested as provided by law. The interest and earnings from these investments ...
• Michigan Nongame Fish And Wildlife Trust Fund - Mich. Comp. Laws IX § 42
  The Michigan nongame fish and wildlife trust fund may also receive gifts, grants, bequests, or assets from any source and may receive other revenues as ...
• Disabilities Of Coverture Abolished; Separate Property Of Wife; Dower - Mich. Comp. Laws X § 1
  The disabilities of coverture as to property are abolished. The real and personal estate of every woman acquired before marriage and all real and ...
• Eminent Domain; Compensation - Mich. Comp. Laws X § 2
  "Public use" does not include the taking of private property for transfer to a private entity for the purpose of economic development or enhancement of ...
• Homestead And Personalty, Exemption From Process - Mich. Comp. Laws X § 3
  A homestead in the amount of not less than $3,500 and personal property of every resident of this state in the amount of not ...
• Escheats - Mich. Comp. Laws X § 4
  Procedures relating to escheats and to the custody and disposition of escheated property shall be prescribed by law. History: Const. 1963, Art. X, § ...
• State Lands - Mich. Comp. Laws X § 5
  The legislature shall have general supervisory jurisdiction over all state owned lands useful for forest preserves, game areas and recreational purposes; shall require annual ...
• Resident Aliens, Property Rights - Mich. Comp. Laws X § 6
  Aliens who are residents of this state shall enjoy the same rights and privileges in property as citizens of this state. History: Const. 1963, ...
• Oath Of Public Officers - Mich. Comp. Laws XI § 1
  All officers, legislative, executive and judicial, before entering upon the duties of their respective offices, shall take and subscribe the following oath or affirmation: ...
• Terms Of Office Of State And County Officers - Mich. Comp. Laws XI § 2
  The terms of office of elective state officers, members of the legislature and justices and judges of courts of record shall begin at twelve ...
• Extra Compensation - Mich. Comp. Laws XI § 3
  Neither the legislature nor any political subdivision of this state shall grant or authorize extra compensation to any public officer, agent or contractor after ...
• Custodian Of Public Moneys; Eligibility To Office, Accounting - Mich. Comp. Laws XI § 4
  No person having custody or control of public moneys shall be a member of the legislature, or be eligible to any office of trust ...
• Classified State Civil Service; Scope; Exempted Positions; Appointment And Terms Of Members Of State Civil Service Commission; State Personnel Director; Duties Of Commission; Collective Bargaining For State Police Troopers And Sergeants; Appointments, Promotions, Demotions, Or Removals; Increases Or Reductions In Compensation; Creating Or Abolishing Positions; Recommending Compensation For Unclassified Service; Appropriation; Reports Of Expenditures; Annual Audit; Payment For Personal Services; Violation; Injunctive Or Mandamus Proceedings - Mich. Comp. Laws XI § 5
  The classified state civil service shall consist of all positions in the state service except those filled by popular election, heads of principal departments, ...
• Merit Systems For Local Governments - Mich. Comp. Laws XI § 6
  By ordinance or resolution of its governing body which shall not take effect until approved by a majority of the electors voting thereon, unless ...
• Impeachment Of Civil Officers - Mich. Comp. Laws XI § 7
  The house of representatives shall have the sole power of impeaching civil officers for corrupt conduct in office or for crimes or misdemeanors, but ...
• Amendment By Legislative Proposal And Vote Of Electors - Mich. Comp. Laws XII § 1
  Amendments to this constitution may be proposed in the senate or house of representatives. Proposed amendments agreed to by two-thirds of the members elected ...
• Amendment By Petition And Vote Of Electors - Mich. Comp. Laws XII § 2
  Amendments may be proposed to this constitution by petition of the registered electors of this state. Every petition shall include the full text of ...
• General Revision Of Constitution; Submission Of Question, Convention Delegates And Meeting - Mich. Comp. Laws XII § 3
  At the general election to be held in the year 1978, and in each 16th year thereafter and at such times as may be ...
• Severability - Mich. Comp. Laws XII § 4
  If any section, subsection or part of Article 2, Section 10, Article 4, Section 54 or Article 5, Section 30 is for any reason ...
• Recommendations By Attorney General For Changes In Laws - Mich. Comp. Laws Schedule § 1
  The attorney general shall recommend to the legislature as soon as practicable such changes as may be necessary to adapt existing laws to this ...
• Existing Public And Private Rights, Continuance - Mich. Comp. Laws Schedule § 2
  All writs, actions, suits, proceedings, civil or criminal liabilities, prosecutions, judgments, sentences, orders, decrees, appeals, causes of action, contracts, claims, demands, titles and rights ...
• Officers, Continuance In Office - Mich. Comp. Laws Schedule § 3
  Except as otherwise provided in this constitution, all officers filling any office by election or appointment shall continue to exercise their powers and duties ...
• Officers Elected In Spring Of 1963, Term - Mich. Comp. Laws Schedule § 4
  All officers elected at the same election that this constitution is submitted to the people for adoption shall take office and complete the term ...
• State Elective Executive Officers And Senators, 2 And 4 Year Terms - Mich. Comp. Laws Schedule § 5
  Notwithstanding any other provision in this constitution, the governor, the lieutenant governor, the secretary of state, the attorney general and state senators shall be ...
• Supreme Court, Reduction To 7 Justices - Mich. Comp. Laws Schedule § 6
  Notwithstanding the provisions of this constitution that the supreme court shall consist of seven justices it shall consist of eight justices until the time ...
• Judges Of Probate, Eligibility For Re-Election - Mich. Comp. Laws Schedule § 7
  Any judge of probate serving on the effective date of this constitution may serve the remainder of the term and be eligible to succeed ...
• Judicial Officers, Staggered Terms - Mich. Comp. Laws Schedule § 8
  The provisions of Article VI providing that terms of judicial offices shall not all expire at the same time, shall be implemented by law ...
• State Board Of Education; First Election, Terms - Mich. Comp. Laws Schedule § 9
  The members of the state board of education provided for in Section 3 of Article VIII of this constitution shall first be elected at ...
• Boards Controlling Higher Education Institutions And State Board Of Public Community And Junior Colleges, Terms - Mich. Comp. Laws Schedule § 10
  The provisions of this constitution providing for members of boards of control of institutions of higher education and the state board of public community ...
• Michigan State University Trustees And Wayne State University Governors, Terms - Mich. Comp. Laws Schedule § 11
  The provisions of this constitution increasing the number of members of the Board of Trustees of Michigan State University and the Board of Governors ...
• Initial Allocation Of Departments By Law Or Executive Order - Mich. Comp. Laws Schedule § 12
  The initial allocation of departments by law pursuant to Section 2 of Article V of this constitution, shall be completed within two years after ...
• State Contracts, Continuance - Mich. Comp. Laws Schedule § 13
  Contractual obligations of the state incurred pursuant to the constitution of 1908 shall continue to be obligations of the state. For the retirement of ...
• Mackinac Bridge Authority; Refunding Of Bonds, Transfer Of Functions To Highway Department - Mich. Comp. Laws Schedule § 14
  The legislature by a vote of two-thirds of the members elected to and serving in each house may provide that the state may borrow ...
• Submission Of Constitution; Time, Notice - Mich. Comp. Laws Schedule § 15
  This constitution shall be submitted to the people for their adoption or rejection at the general election to be held on the first Monday ...
• Voters, Ballots, Effective Date - Mich. Comp. Laws Schedule § 16
  Every registered elector may vote on the adoption of the constitution. The board of election commissioners in each county shall cause to be printed ...
• Vote Record - Mich. Comp. Laws Schedule SigBlock
  Adopted by the Constitutional Convention of nineteen hundred sixty-one at Constitution Hall in Lansing on the first day of August, nineteen hundred sixty-two. Stephen ...

Last modified: January 1, 2008