Texas Insurance Code - Not Codified - Article 5.13-2. Rates And Forms For Certain Property And Casualty Insurance
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Art. 5.13-2. RATES AND FORMS FOR CERTAIN PROPERTY AND
CASUALTY INSURANCE .
Purpose
Sec. 1. This article governs the regulation of insurance
described by Section 2 of this article. The purposes of this
article are to:
(1) promote the public welfare by regulating insurance
rates to prohibit excessive, inadequate, or unfairly
discriminatory rates;
(2) promote availability of insurance;
(3) promote price competition among insurers to provide
rates and premiums that are responsive to competitive market
conditions;
(4) prohibit price-fixing agreements and other
anticompetitive behavior by insurers;
(5) regulate the insurance forms used for lines of insurance
subject to this article to ensure that they are not unjust, unfair,
inequitable, misleading, or deceptive; and
(6) provide regulatory procedures for the maintenance of
appropriate information reporting systems.
Scope
Text of Sec. 2 effective until April 1, 2007
Sec. 2. (a) This article applies to all lines of the following
insurance written under policies or contracts of insurance issued
by an insurer authorized to engage in the business of insurance in
this state:
(1) general liability insurance;
(2) residential and commercial property insurance,
including farm and ranch insurance and farm and ranch owners
insurance;
(3) personal and commercial casualty insurance, except as
provided by Subsection (b) of this section;
(4) medical professional liability insurance;
(5) fidelity, guaranty, and surety bonds other than
criminal court appearance bonds;
(6) personal umbrella insurance;
(7) personal liability insurance;
(8) guaranteed auto protection (GAP) insurance;
(9) involuntary unemployment insurance;
(10) financial guaranty insurance;
(11) inland marine insurance;
(12) rain insurance;
(13) hail insurance on farm crops;
(14) personal and commercial automobile insurance; and
Text of Subsec. (a)(15) as added by Acts 2005, 79th Leg., ch. 71,
Sec. 1.
(15) multi-peril insurance.
Text of Subsec. (a)(15) as added by Acts 2005, 79th Leg., ch. 102,
Sec. 4.
(15) identity theft insurance coverage issued under Chapter
706.
(b) The commissioner shall adopt rules governing the manner
in which forms and rates for the various classifications of risks
insured under inland marine insurance, as determined by the
commissioner, are regulated.
Definitions
Text of Sec. 3 effective until April 1, 2007
Sec. 3. (a) In this article:
(1) "Disallowed expenses" includes:
(A) administrative expenses, not including acquisition,
loss control, and safety engineering expenses, that exceed 110
percent of the industry median for those expenses;
(B) lobbying expenses;
(C) advertising expenses, other than for advertising:
(i) directly related to the services or products provided by
the insurer; or
(ii) designed and directed at loss prevention;
(D) amounts paid by an insurer:
(i) as damages in an action brought against the insurer for
bad faith, fraud, or any matters other than payment under the
insurance contract; or
(ii) as fees, fines, penalties, or exemplary damages for a
civil or criminal violation of law;
(E) contributions to:
(i) social, religious, political, or fraternal
organizations; or
(ii) organizations engaged in legislative advocacy;
(F) except as authorized by rule by the commissioner, fees
and assessments paid to advisory organizations;
(G) any amount determined by the commissioner to be excess
premiums charged by the insurer; and
(H) any unreasonably incurred expenses, as determined by
the commissioner after notice and hearing.
(2) "Filer" means an insurer that files rates, prospective
loss costs, or supplementary rating information under this article.
(3) "Insurer" means an insurer to which Article 5.13 of this
code applies, but does not include the Texas Windstorm Insurance
Association or the Texas FAIR Plan Association, or the Texas
Automobile Insurance Plan Association. All provisions of this
article shall apply to Lloyd's plans, reciprocals and
interinsurance exchanges, and county mutual insurance companies
with respect to the lines of insurance described in Section 2 of
this article, except that the provisions of Sections 4, 5, 6, and 7
of this article shall not apply to Lloyd's or reciprocals with
respect to commercial property insurance, and the provisions of
Sections 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 of this article shall not apply to Lloyd's
or reciprocals with respect to inland marine insurance, rain
insurance, or hail insurance on farm crops.
(4) "Prospective loss costs" means that portion of a rate
that does not include provisions for profit or expenses, other than
loss adjustment expenses, that is based on historical aggregate
losses and loss adjustment expenses projected by development to
their ultimate value and through trending to a future point in time.
(5) "Rate" means the cost of insurance per exposure unit,
whether expressed as a single number or as a prospective loss cost,
with an adjustment to account for the treatment of expenses,
profit, and individual insurer variation in loss experience, before
any application of individual risk variations based on loss or
expense considerations.
(6) "Rating manual" means a publication or schedule that
lists rules, classifications, territory codes and descriptions,
rates, premiums, and other similar information used by an insurer
to determine the applicable premium charged an insured.
(7) "Residential property insurance" means insurance
coverage against loss to real or tangible personal property at a
fixed location that is provided through a homeowners policy,
including a tenants policy, a condominium owners policy, or a
residential fire and allied lines policy.
(8) "Supplementary rating information" means any manual,
rating schedule, plan of rules, rating rules, classification
systems, territory codes and descriptions, rating plans, and other
similar information used by the insurer to determine the applicable
premium for an insured. The term includes factors and
relativities, including increased limits factors, classification
relativities, deductible relativities, premium discount, and other
similar factors and rating plans such as experience, schedule, and
retrospective rating.
(9) "Supporting information" means:
(A) the experience and judgment of the filer and the
experience or information of other insurers or advisory
organizations relied on by the filer;
(B) the interpretation of any other information relied on by
the filer;
(C) descriptions of methods used in making the rates; and
(D) any other information required by the department to be
filed.
(b) For purposes of this article, a rate is:
(1) excessive if the rate is likely to produce a long-term
profit that is unreasonably high in relation to the insurance
coverage provided;
(2) inadequate if the rate is insufficient to sustain
projected losses and expenses to which the rate applies, and
continued use of the rate:
(A) endangers the solvency of an insurer using the rate; or
(B) has the effect of substantially lessening competition
or creating a monopoly within any market; or
(3) unfairly discriminatory if the rate:
(A) is not based on sound actuarial principles;
(B) does not bear a reasonable relationship to the expected
loss and expense experience among risks; or
(C) is based wholly or partly on the race, creed, color,
ethnicity, or national origin of the policyholder or an insured.
Rate standards
Text of Sec. 4 effective until April 1, 2007
Sec. 4. (a) Rates under this article shall be made in
accordance with the provisions of this section.
(b) In setting rates, an insurer shall consider:
(1) past and prospective loss experience inside this state,
and outside this state if the state data are not credible;
(2) the peculiar hazards and experiences of individual
risks, past and prospective, inside and outside this state;
(3) the insurer's actuarially credible historical premium,
exposure, loss, and expense experience;
(4) catastrophe hazards within this state;
(5) operating expenses, excluding disallowed expenses;
(6) investment income;
(7) a reasonable margin for profit; and
(8) any other factors inside and outside this state
determined to be relevant by the insurer and not disallowed by the
commissioner.
(c) The insurer may group risks by classifications for the
establishment of rates and minimum premiums and may modify
classification rates to produce rates for individual risks in
accordance with rating plans that establish standards for measuring
variations in those risks on the basis of any factor listed in
Subsection (b) of this section.
(d) Rates established under this article may not be
excessive, inadequate, unreasonable, or unfairly discriminatory
for the risks to which they apply.
(e) In setting rates applicable solely to policyholders in
this state, an insurer shall use available premium, loss, claim,
and exposure information from this state to the full extent of the
actuarial credibility of that information. The insurer may use
experience from outside this state as necessary to supplement
information from this state that is not actuarially credible.
(f) In determining rating territories and territorial
rates, an insurer shall use methods based on sound actuarial
principles.
Rate filings; legislative report
Text of Sec. 5 effective until April 1, 2007
Sec. 5. (a) Except as provided by Section 5A of this article,
each insurer shall file with the commissioner all rates, applicable
rating manuals, supplementary rating information, and additional
information as required by the commissioner for risks written in
this state.
(a-1) The commissioner by rule shall determine the
information required to be provided in the filing, including:
(1) the categories of supporting information;
(2) the categories of supplementary rating information;
(3) any statistics or other information to support the rates
to be used by the insurer, including information necessary to
evidence that the computation of the rate does not include
disallowed expenses; and
(4) information concerning policy fees, service fees, and
other fees that are charged or collected by the insurer under
Article 21.35A or 21.35B of this code.
(a-2) For an insurer with less than five percent of the
market, the commissioner shall consider insurer and
market-specific attributes, as applicable, and shall promulgate
filing requirements accordingly to accommodate premium volume and
loss experience, targeted markets, limitations on coverage, and any
potential barriers to market entry or growth.
(b) Repealed by Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 206, Sec. 21.47.
(c) An insured that is aggrieved with respect to any filing
in effect, or the public insurance counsel, may make a written
application to the commissioner for a hearing on the filing. The
application must specify the grounds on which the applicant bases
the grievance. If the commissioner finds that the application is
made in good faith, that the applicant would be so aggrieved if the
grounds in the application are established, and that those grounds
otherwise justify holding the hearing, the commissioner shall hold
a hearing not later than the 30th day after the date of receipt of
the application. The commissioner must give at least 10 days'
written notice to the applicant and to each insurer that made the
filing in question.
(d) If, after the hearing, the commissioner finds that the
filing does not meet the requirements of this article, the
commissioner shall issue an order specifying how the filing fails
to meet the requirements of this article and stating the date on
which, within a reasonable period after the order date, the filing
is no longer in effect. The commissioner shall send copies of the
order to the applicant and to each affected insurer.
(e) The commissioner shall require each insurer subject to
this article to file information with the commissioner on a
quarterly basis. Each insurer shall provide the commissioner with
information relating to changes in losses, premiums, and market
share since January 1, 1993. The commissioner shall report to the
governor, lieutenant governor, and speaker of the house of
representatives on a quarterly basis, relating to the information
provided by the insurers' reports and to market conduct, especially
consumer complaints.
Prior Approval Required for Certain Insurers
Text of Sec. 5A effective until April 1, 2007
Sec. 5A. (a) The commissioner by order may require an insurer
to file with the commissioner all rates, supplementary rate
information, and any supporting information as prescribed by this
section if the commissioner determines that:
(1) an insurer's rates require supervision because of the
insurer's financial condition;
(2) an insurer's rates require supervision because of the
insurer's rating practices; or
(3) a statewide insurance emergency exists.
(b) Except as provided by Subsection (k) of this section, an
insurer may not use a rate until the rate has been filed with the
department and approved by the commissioner as provided by this
section. For purposes of this section, a rate is filed with the
department on the date the rate filing is received by the
department.
(c) Not later than the 30th day after the date the rate is
filed with the department, the commissioner shall:
(1) approve the rate if the commissioner determines that the
rate complies with the requirements of this article; or
(2) disapprove the rate if the commissioner determines that
the rate does not comply with the requirements of this article.
(d) Except as provided by Subsection (f) of this section, if
the rate has not been approved or disapproved by the commissioner
before the expiration of the 30-day period described by Subsection
(c) of this section, the rate is considered approved and the insurer
may use the rate unless the rate proposed in the filing represents
an increase of 12.5 percent or more from the insurer's prior filed
rate.
(e) The commissioner and the insurer may not by agreement
extend the 30-day period described by Subsection (c) of this
section.
(f) For good cause, the commissioner may extend the period
for approval or disapproval of a rate for one additional 30-day
period on the expiration of the 30-day period described by
Subsection (c) of this section.
(g) If the department determines that the information filed
by the insurer under this article is incomplete or otherwise
deficient, the department may request additional information from
the insurer. If the department requests additional information
from the insurer during the first 30-day review period provided
under Subsection (c) of this section or under the second 30-day
review period provided under Subsection (f) of this section, the
period of time between the date of the department's submission of
the request for additional information to the insurer and the date
of the receipt of the additional information by the department from
the insurer is not counted to determine what constitutes the first
30-day review period or the second 30-day review period. For
purposes of this subsection, the date of the department's
submission of the request for additional information is the date of
the electronic mailing or telephone call or the postmarked date on
the department's letter relating to the request for additional
information.
(h) The commissioner shall approve the rate filing if the
proposed rate is adequate, not excessive, and not unfairly
discriminatory.
(i) If the commissioner approves a rate filing, the
commissioner shall provide written or electronic notification of
the approval to the insurer. On receipt of the notice of the
commissioner's approval of a rate, the insurer may use the rate.
(j) From the date of the filing of the rate with the
department to the effective date of the new rate, the insurer's
previously filed rate that is in effect on the date of the filing
remains in effect.
(k) After approval of a rate filing under this section, an
insurer may use any rate subsequently filed by the insurer, without
prior approval of the commissioner, if the subsequently filed rate
does not exceed the lesser of 107.5 percent of the rate approved by
the commissioner or 110 percent of any rate used by the insurer
within the previous 12-month period. Filed rates under this
subsection take effect on the date specified by the insurer.
(l) If the commissioner disapproves a rate filing under
Subsection (c)(2) of this section, the commissioner shall issue an
order in the manner prescribed by Section 7(b) of this article. The
insurer is entitled to a hearing in accordance with Section 7(b) of
this article.
(m) The commissioner may require an insurer to file the
insurer's rates under this section until the commissioner
determines that the conditions described by Subsection (a) of this
section no longer exist.
Public information
Text of Sec. 6 effective until April 1, 2007
Sec. 6. Each filing and any supporting information filed
under this article is open to public inspection as of the date of
the filing.
Disapproval
Text of Sec. 7 effective until April 1, 2007
Sec. 7. (a) The commissioner shall disapprove a rate if the
commissioner determines that the rate filing made under this
article does not meet the standards established under that section.
(b) If the commissioner disapproves a filing, the
commissioner shall issue an order specifying in what respects the
filing fails to meet the requirements of this article. The filer is
entitled to a hearing on written request made to the commissioner
not later than the 30th day after the effective date of the
disapproval order.
(c) If the commissioner disapproves a rate that is in
effect, the commissioner may issue a disapproval order only after a
hearing held after at least 20 days' written notice to the insurer
that made the filing. The disapproval order must be issued not
later than the 15th day after the close of the hearing and must
specify how the rate fails to meet the requirements of this article.
The disapproval order must state the date on which the further use
of that rate is prohibited. The commissioner shall set the date not
earlier than the 45th day after the date on which the hearing
closes.
Forms
Text of Sec. 8 effective until April 1, 2007
Sec. 8. (a) An insurance policy or printed endorsement form
for use in writing the types of insurance subject to this article
may not be delivered or issued for delivery in this state unless the
form has been filed with and approved by the commissioner.
(b) Each filing shall be made not later than the 60th day
before the date of any use or delivery for use. At the expiration of
the 60-day period a filed form is approved unless, before the
expiration of the 60 days, the commissioner approves or disapproves
the form by order. Approval of a form by the commissioner
constitutes a waiver of any unexpired portion of the 60-day period.
The commissioner may extend by not more than an additional 10 days
the period during which it may approve or disapprove a form by
giving notice to the filer of the extension before the expiration of
the initial period. At the expiration of any extension and in the
absence of any earlier approval or disapproval, the form shall be
considered approved. For good cause shown, the commissioner may
withdraw the commissioner's approval at any time after notice and a
hearing.
(c) A commissioner's order disapproving any form or any
notice of the commissioner's intention to withdraw a previous
approval must state the grounds for the disapproval in enough
detail to reasonably inform the filer of the grounds. An order of
withdrawal of a previously approved form takes effect on the
expiration of the prescribed period, but not sooner than the 30th
day after the effective date of the withdrawal order, as prescribed
by the commissioner.
(d) An insurer may not use in this state any form after
disapproval of the form or withdrawal of approval by the
commissioner.
(e) The commissioner may promulgate standard insurance
policy forms, endorsements, and other related forms that may be
used, at the discretion of the insurer, by an insurer instead of the
insurer's own forms in writing insurance subject to this article.
The commissioner may disapprove a form or endorsement filed under
this section, or withdraw any previous approval thereof, if the
form or endorsement:
(1) violates or does not comply with this code, or any valid
rule relating thereto duly adopted by the commissioner, or is
otherwise contrary to law; or
(2) contains provisions or has any titles or headings which
are unjust, encourage misrepresentation, are deceptive, or violate
public policy.
(f) Policy forms for use with large risks are exempt from
the requirements of Subsections (a), (b), and (e) of this section.
For purposes of this subsection, "large risk" means:
(1) an insured that has total insured property values of $5
million or more;
(2) an insured that has total annual gross revenues of $10
million or more; or
(3) an insured that has a total premium of $25,000 or more
for property insurance, $25,000 or more for general liability
insurance, or $50,000 or more for multiperil insurance.
Commissioner authority
Sec. 9. If the commissioner determines at any time that the
implementation of this article or any part thereof is contrary to
the public interest and has resulted in or may result in imminent
peril to the insurance consumers of this state, the commissioner
may issue an order stating the harm to the public and shall
thereafter rely upon Subchapters A-L of this chapter, or parts
thereof, in the regulation of property and casualty insurance.
Administrative Procedure Act applicable
Text of Sec. 10 effective until April 1, 2007
Sec. 10. Chapter 2001, Government Code (the Administrative
Procedure Act), applies to all rate hearings conducted under this
article.
Standard Rate Index for Personal Automobile Insurance; Exemption
Text of Sec. 13 effective until April 1, 2007
Sec. 13. (a) This section governs rate regulation of personal
automobile insurance issued by a county mutual insurance company as
prescribed by this section.
(b) Using standard and generally accepted actuarial
techniques, the commissioner shall annually compute and publish a
statewide standard rate index that accurately reflects the average
statewide rates for classifications for each of the following
coverages for personal automobile insurance policies:
(1) bodily injury liability;
(2) property damage liability;
(3) personal injury protection;
(4) medical payments;
(5) uninsured and underinsured motorists;
(6) physical damage--collision; and
(7) physical damage--other than collision.
(c) The commissioner shall compute the rate index using the
benchmark rate in effect for personal automobile insurance under
Article 5.101 of this code on the effective date of S.B. No. 14,
Acts of the 78th Legislature, Regular Session, 2003, and adjusted
annually thereafter by the commissioner to reflect average changes
in claims costs in the personal automobile insurance market in this
state. After the effective date of S.B. No. 14, Acts of the 78th
Legislature, Regular Session, 2003, and before the first annual
adjustment by the commissioner, the commissioner may adjust the
computation of the rate index under this section as the
commissioner determines necessary.
(d) The commissioner may compute and establish standard
rate indexes other than the rate index required under Subsection
(b) of this section for any of the personal automobile insurance
coverages listed under that subsection as necessary to implement
this section.
(e) For purposes of this section, "nonstandard rates" means
rates that are 30 percent or more above the standard rate index as
determined by the commissioner under this section.
(f) A county mutual insurance company that issues personal
automobile insurance policies only at nonstandard rates is subject
to filing requirements as determined by the commissioner by rule if
the insurer and the insurer's affiliated companies or group have a
market share of less than 3.5 percent. In setting rates, an
insurance company subject to this subsection must comply with the
rating standards established by this article. Not later than the
first day on which any change in the rates becomes effective, the
company shall for informational purposes file the rates and any
additional information required by the department. The
commissioner by rule shall determine the information required to be
provided in the filing under this subsection. The commissioner may
inspect the books and records of the company at any time to ensure
compliance with the rating standards. An insurance company
described by this subsection is subject to Article 5.144 of this
code. A county mutual insurance company not described by this
section is subject to Article 21.81 of this code and is required to
comply with the filing requirements of this article and any other
provision of this code applicable to a county mutual insurance
company.
(g) The commissioner by rule may designate other types of
insurers that historically and as of the effective date of S.B. No.
14, Acts of the 78th Legislature, Regular Session, 2003, have
served exclusively or are serving exclusively the high-risk,
nonstandard market and meet capitalization and solvency
requirements set by the commissioner. An insurer designated by the
commissioner under this subsection is governed by this section.
(h) An insurer is subject to the filing requirements
determined by the commissioner by rule under Subsection (f) of this
section if:
(1) the insurer, along with the insurer's affiliated
companies or group, issues personal automobile liability insurance
policies only below 101 percent of the minimum limits required by
Chapter 601, Transportation Code; and
(2) the insurer, along with the insurer's affiliated
companies or group, has a market share of less than 3.5 percent of
the personal automobile insurance market in this state.
Review of Rates
Text of Sec. 14 effective until April 1, 2007
Sec. 14. In reviewing rates under this article, the
commissioner shall consider any state or federal legislation that
has been enacted and that may impact rates for liability coverage
included in a policy subject to this article.
Notice of Rate Increase
Text of Sec. 15 effective until April 1, 2007
Sec. 15. (a) An insurer shall send a policyholder of a policy
of residential property insurance issued by the insurer notice of
any rate increase scheduled to take effect on the renewal of the
policy that will result in an increase in the premium amount to be
paid by the policyholder that is at least 10 percent greater than
the lesser of the premium amount paid by the policyholder for
coverage under the policy during:
(1) the 12-month period preceding the renewal date of the
policy; or
(2) the policy period preceding the renewal date of the
policy.
(b) An insurer shall send the notice required by Subsection
(a) of this section before the renewal date but not later than the
30th day before the date the rate increase is scheduled to take
effect.
(c) In addition to the mandatory notice under Subsection (a)
of this section, the insurer may send the notice required by
Subsection (a) of this section to any policyholder of residential
property insurance issued by the insurer, regardless of whether
that policyholder's premium amount to be paid will increase as a
result of the scheduled rate change.
(d) The commissioner by rule may exempt an insurer from the
notice requirements under this section for a short-term policy, as
defined by the commissioner, that is written by the insurer.
Rights of Public Insurance Counsel
Text of Sec. 16 effective until April 1, 2007
Sec. 16. (a) On request to the commissioner, the public
insurance counsel may review all rate filings and additional
information provided by an insurer under this article.
Confidential information reviewed under this subsection remains
confidential.
(b) The public insurance counsel, not later than the 30th
day after the date of a rate filing under this article, may object
to an insurer's rate filing or the criteria relied on by the insurer
to determine the rate by filing a written objection with the
commissioner. The written objection must contain the reasons for
the objection.
Added by Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., ch. 242, Sec. 2.15, eff. Sept. 1,
1991. Sec. 8(e) amended by Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., 2nd C.S., ch. 12,
Sec. 8.01, eff. Jan. 1, 1992; Secs. 1 and 2 amended by Acts 1993,
73rd Leg., ch. 685, Sec. 6.07, eff. Sept. 1, 1993; Sec. 3(5), (6)
amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 685, Sec. 6.08, eff. Sept. 1,
1993; Secs. 5, 7 to 9 amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 685, Sec.
6.09, eff. Sept. 1, 1993; Sec. 1 amended by Acts 1995, 74th Leg.,
ch. 984, Sec. 8, eff. Sept. 1, 1995; Sec. 3(2) amended by Acts 1995,
74th Leg., ch. 984, Sec. 9, eff. Sept. 1, 1995; Sec. 10 amended by
Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 984, Sec. 10, eff. Sept. 1, 1995; Sec. 1
amended by Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1330, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1,
1997; Sec. 3(2) amended by Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 438, Sec. 1,
eff. Sept. 1, 1997; Sec. 8(e) amended by Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch.
1330, Sec. 2, eff. Sept. 1, 1997; Sec. 8(f) amended by Acts 1997,
75th Leg., ch. 1426, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1997; Section heading
amended by Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 206, Sec. 5.02, eff. June 11,
2003, and Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 206, Sec. 6.02, eff. Dec. 1,
2004; Secs. 1, 2 amended by Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 206, Sec.
5.03, eff. June 11, 2003, and ch. 206, Sec. 6.03, eff. Dec. 1, 2004.
Sec. 3 amended by Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 206, Sec. 6.04, eff.
Dec. 1, 2004. Sec. 3(2) amended by Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 206,
Sec. 5.04, eff. June 11, 2003; Sec. 4(b) amended by Acts 2003, 78th
Leg., ch. 206, Sec. 6.05, eff. Dec. 1, 2004; Sec. 4(d) amended by
Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 206, Sec. 6.05, eff. Dec. 1, 2004; Sec.
4(f) added by Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 206, Sec. 6.05, eff. Dec. 1,
2004; Sec. 5(a) amended by and Secs. 5(a-1), (a-2) added by Acts
2003, 78th Leg., ch. 206, Sec. 6.06, eff. Dec. 1, 2004; Sec. 5(b)
amended by Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 206, Sec. 21.47(3), eff. June
11, 2003; Sec. 5A added by Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 206, Sec. 6.07,
eff. Dec. 1, 2004; Sec. 13 added by Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 206,
Sec. 6.08, eff. Dec. 1, 2004; Sec. 14 added by Acts 2003, 78th Leg.,
ch. 206, Sec. 6.09, eff. June 11, 2003; Sec. 15 added by Acts 2003,
78th Leg., ch. 206, Sec. 6.10, eff. June 11, 2003; Sec. 16 added by
Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 206, Sec. 6.11, eff. Dec. 1, 2004; Sec.
2(a) amended by Acts 2005, 79th Leg., ch.102, Sec. 4, eff. Sept. 1,
2005; Sec. 2(a) amended by Acts 2005, 79th Leg., ch. 70, Sec. 1,
eff. Sept. 1, 2005; Sec. 2(a) amended by Acts 2005, 79th Leg., ch.
71, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 2005; Sec. 13(h) added by Acts 2005, 79th
Leg., ch. 1118, Sec. 1, eff. June 18, 2005; Secs. 2 to 8 and 10 to 16
are repealed by Acts 2005, 79th Leg., ch. 727 Sec. 18(d), eff. April
1, 2007.
Article: 5.08 5.09 5.10 5.11 5.12-1 5.13 5.13-1 5.13-2 5.13-2C 5.14 5.15-1 5.15-2 5.15-3 5.15-4 5.18
Last modified: August 11, 2007
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