Appeal No. 95-2882
Application No. 07/996,775
Khoshafian discloses object-oriented systems (pages 238
and 239) in which “[t]he object representing the end user
information encapsulates the data as well as the procedure
required to modify it” (page 239). Khoshafian recognizes that
a menu bar displays a list of selectable commands (page 237),
and that items can be removed or appended to them to
dynamically create new menus (page 270).
Franz discloses object-oriented programming (page 3), and
the differences between an object-oriented language and a
procedural language (page 4). In object-oriented programming,
“a class’ methods completely enclose, or encapsulate, the data
of objects of the class for which they are defined” (page 9).
Of course, “menu-handling” is involved in object-oriented
programming (page 12). Franz discusses the “creation of menus
with one item each across the top of the menu bar” (page 284).
“If you want to create menus that have multiple choices for
each item, like Actor uses, you need to make a ‘pop-up menu’”
(page 284). In addition to menu creation, Franz teaches that
menu items can be enabled and disabled (pages 285 and 286),
and updated (pages 286 and 287).
Although Khoshafian and Franz disclose menu creation and
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