Appeal No. 1999-1895
Application No. 08/363,315
The examiner asserts (Answer, page 5) that:
De Gaudenzi recites (Col. 3, lines 39-44), "The way
in which coded symbols are associated to the PSK
constellation points is properly selected to
optimize system performance. The target is to
maximize the Euclidean distance between the
transmitted signals (signal points)." The Euclidean
distance is the distance between the signal points
in the constellation. It is clear from this passage
that inherent in the De Gaudenzi reference is the
use of Gray coding. This allow [sic, allows] the
maximum distance between signal points to be
determined in such a way to order to lower the BER
(optimize system performance) in the system in
comparison to other systems in which no mapping was
used. And the Gray coding system maps k information
bits to the M=2 possible phases. Therefore, tok
design the system to have a distance between B/2k
between any two adjacent bits is inherent in the De
Gaudenzi reference. The recitation set forth in the
De Gaudenzi reference indicates, which out [sic,
without] using the exact phrase, that Gray coding is
being implemented in the system.
However, appellants state (Brief, page 7) that the claimed
phase shifting cannot be inherent because there are other
coding schemes which are available as alternatives to the use
of Gray Coding. Further, appellants contend (Brief, page 10)
that in De Gaudenzi, the phase shift of B/2 is introduced for
well-known quadrature modulation, whereas the claim calls for
a phase shift of B/2 , where n must be greater than or equaln
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