Appeal No. 2002-2128
Application No. 08/793,984
accessible memory cards, the bulk of the disclosure of Watanabe is
directed to solving security problems attendant to systems with
independently accessible memory cards. It is apparent from a
reading of Watanabe that Watanabe’s solution to the access security
problem, in direct contrast to Appellant’s claimed independent
access feature, is to require that a first memory card can not be
accessed without the presence and authorization of a second memory
card. A prior art reference must be considered in its entirety,
i.e., as a whole, including portions that would lead away from the
claimed invention. See W.L. Gore & Associates, Inc. V. Garlock,
Inc., 721 F.2d 1540, 1548, 220 USPQ 303, 311 (Fed. Cir. 1983), cert
denied, 469 U.S. 851 (1984). Given the deficiencies in the
disclosure of Watanabe, it is our view that any suggestion to
modify Watanabe to arrive at Appellant’s claimed invention could
not come from any teaching in Watanabe but, rather, only from
Appellant’s own disclosure.
We are further of the view that even assuming, arguendo, the
existence of personal data archive systems with memory devices
having independent accessibility, there is no indication from the
Examiner as to how and in what manner the Watanabe reference would
be modified to arrive at the particulars of Appellant’s invention
as set forth in independent claims 43 and 84. In order for us to
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