Appeal No. 2004-1346 Page 2
Application No. 08/971,338
The references relied upon by the examiner are:
Akhurst, et al. (Akhurst), “Transforming Growth Factor Betas in Mammalian
Embryogenesis,” Progress in Growth Factor Research, Volume 2, pages 153-
168 (1990)
Ernfors, et al. (Ernfors), “Molecular cloning and neurotrophic activities of a
protein with structural similarities to nerve growth factor: Developmental and
topographical expression in the brain,” Proceedings of the National Academy of
Sciences, Volume 87, pages 5454-5458 (1990)
Massague, “The Transforming Growth Factor-β Family,” Annual Review of Cell
Biology, Volume 6, pages 597-641 (1990)
Hoban, et al. (Hoban), “Activation of Second Messenger Pathways by GDF-1,”
Society for Neuroscience Abstracts, Volume 19, page 653, Abst. No. 275.9,
(1993)
Ebendal, et al. (Ebendal ’95), “Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor
Stimulates Fiber Formation and Survival in Cultured Neurons From Peripheral
Autonomic Ganglia,” Journal of Neuroscience Research, Volume 40, pages 276-
284 (1995)
Krieglstein, et al. (Krieglstein), “Distinct Modulatory Actions of TGF-β and LIF on
Neurotrophin-Mediated Survival of Developing Sensory Neurons,”
Neurochemical Research, Volume 21, Number 7, pages 843-850 (1996)
Bengtsson, et al. (Bengtsson), “Potentiating lnteractions Between Morphogenetic
Protein and Neurotrophic Factors in Developing Neurons,” Journal of
Neuroscience Research, Volume 53, pages 559-568 (1998)
Ebendal, et al. (Ebendal ’98), “Bone Morphogenetic Proteins and Their
Receptors: Potential Functions in the Brain,” Journal of Neuroscience Research,
Volume 51, pages 139-146 (1998)
Rankin, et al. (Rankin), “Regulation of left-right patterning in mice by
growth/differentiation factor-1,” Nature Genetics, Volume 24, pages 262-265
(2000)
GROUNDS OF REJECTION
Claims 4-10 and 22-33 stand rejected under 35 U.S.C. § 101 as lacking
utility and § 112, first paragraph, for lack of enablement based on the finding of
lack of utility.
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