Ex Parte Cairns et al - Page 6

               Appeal 2007-0600                                                                             
               Application 09/943,535                                                                       
                      Appellants argue that Nishioka selects a display mode based on other                  
               factors which do not include the color format of the input data itself.  (Br. 7              
               and Reply Br. 5).  We agree with Appellants, but do not find that this                       
               specific argument is commensurate in scope with the express language of                      
               independent claim 1 which does not recite “factors.”  Appellants argue that                  
               the difference between Nishioka and the claimed invention is in the “how”                    
               the determination is made (Br. 8 and Reply Br. 8).  We cannot agree with                     
               Appellants that the “how” in the determination is actually made based upon                   
               the actual data as a factor in the determination since we do not find this level             
               of specificity in the language of independent claim 1.  Therefore, Appellants'               
               argument is not persuasive, and we will sustain the rejection of independent                 
               claim 1.  Appellants have elected to group dependent claims 2, 5, 9, 10, and                 
               12-14 with independent claim 1.  Therefore, we will sustain the rejection of                 
               those claims also.                                                                           
                                               35 U.S.C. § 103                                              
                      At the outset, we note that to reach a proper conclusion under § 103,                 
               the Examiner, as finder of fact, must step backward in time and into the                     
               mind of a person of ordinary skill in the art at a time when the invention was               
               unknown, and just before it was made.  In light of all the evidence, we                      
               review the specific factual determinations of the Examiner to ascertain                      
               whether the Examiner has convincingly established that the claimed                           
               invention as a whole would have been obvious at the time of the invention to                 
               a person of ordinary skill in the art.  When claim elements are found in more                
               than one prior art reference, the fact finder must determine “whether a                      
               person of ordinary skill in the art, possessed with the understandings and                   
               knowledge reflected in the prior art, and motivated by the general problem                   


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