Cite as: 532 U. S. 483 (2001)
Syllabus
not whether enforcement is preferable to no enforcement at all. To the extent a district court considers the public interest and parties' conveniences, the court is limited to evaluating how those factors are affected by the selection of an injunction over other enforcement mechanisms. Because the Controlled Substances Act covers even those who have what could be termed a medical necessity, it precludes consideration of the evidence that the Ninth Circuit deemed relevant. Pp. 495-499. 190 F. 3d 1109, reversed and remanded.
Thomas, J., delivered the opinion of the Court, in which Rehnquist, C. J., and O'Connor, Scalia, and Kennedy, JJ., joined. Stevens, J., filed an opinion concurring in the judgment, in which Souter and Ginsburg, JJ., joined, post, p. 499. Breyer, J., took no part in the consideration or decision of the case.
Acting Solicitor General Underwood argued the cause for the United States. With her on the briefs were former Solicitor General Waxman, Assistant Attorney General Ogden, Deputy Solicitor General Kneedler, and Lisa Schiavo Blatt.
Gerald F. Uelmen argued the cause for respondents. With him on the brief were James J. Brosnahan, Annette P. Carnegie, Christina Kirk-Kazhe, Robert A. Raich, and Randy E. Barnett.*
*Janet M. LaRue filed a brief for the Family Research Council as amicus curiae urging reversal.
Briefs of amici curiae urging affirmance were filed for the State of California by Bill Lockyer, Attorney General, and David De Alba, Special Assistant Attorney General; for the American Civil Liberties Union et al. by Steven R. Shapiro, Daniel P. Tokaji, and Jordan C. Budd; for the American Public Health Association et al. by Daniel N. Abrahamson; for the Marijuana Policy Project et al. by Cheryl Flax-Davidson; for the National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws et al. by R. Keith Stroup, John Wesley Hall, Jr., and Lisa B. Kemler; for Edward Neil Brundridge et al. by Thomas V. Loran III; and for Sheriff Mark N. Dion et al. by Julie M. Carpenter. Briefs of amici curiae were filed for the California Medical Association et al. by Catherine I. Hanson and Alice P. Mead; and for the Institute on Global Drug Policy of the Drug Free America Foundation et al. by David G. Evans and John E. Lamp.
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