Cite as: 538 U. S. 803 (2003)
Breyer, J., dissenting
Though some of petitioner's members may well have suffered some sort of injury from the Park Service's regulation, neither the allegations of the complaint nor the evidence in the record identifies any specific injury that would be redressed by a favorable decision on the merits of the case. Accordingly, petitioner has no standing to pursue its claim.
For this reason, I concur in the Court's judgment.
Justice Breyer, with whom Justice O'Connor joins, dissenting.
Like the majority, I believe that petitioner National Park Hospitality Association has standing here to pursue its legal claim, namely, that the dispute resolution procedures set forth in the Contract Disputes Act of 1978 (CDA), 41 U. S. C. § 601 et seq., apply to national park concession contracts. But, unlike the majority, I believe that the question is ripe for our consideration.
I cannot agree with Justice Stevens that petitioner lacks Article III standing to bring suit on behalf of its members. See ante, at 815-816 and this page (opinion concurring in judgment). In my view, the National Park Service's definition of "concession contract" to exclude the CDA's protections (a definition embodied in the regulation about which petitioner complains, see 36 CFR § 51.3 (2002)) causes petitioner and its members "injury in fact." Lujan v. Defenders of Wildlife, 504 U. S. 555, 560 (1992) (discussing requirements of "injury in fact," causation, and redressability); see also Hunt v. Washington State Apple Advertising Comm'n, 432 U. S. 333, 343 (1977) (association's standing based on injury to a member).
For one thing, many of petitioner's members are parties to, as well as potential bidders for, park concession contracts. Lodging for Federal Respondents 6 (listing 590 concession contracts in 131 parks). Those members will likely find that disputes arise under the contracts. And in resolving such disputes, the Park Service, following its regulation, will re-
817
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