Ex parte KONISHI et al. - Page 4




          Appeal No. 1998-0063                                                        
          Application No. 08/057,805                                                  


          detected, but rather includes such an area regardless of                    
          whether defects are detected.  The examiner asserts (Answer,                
          page 3) that it would have been obvious to the skilled artisan              
          to modify Harari to "generate back-up storage only when                     
          needed."                                                                    
               In a rejection under 35 U.S.C. § 103, it is incumbent                  
          upon the examiner to establish a factual basis to support the               
          legal conclusion of obviousness.  See In re Fine, 837 F.2d                  
          1071, 1074, 5 USPQ2d 1596, 1598 (Fed. Cir. 1988).  In so                    
          doing, the examiner is required to provide a reason from some               
          teaching, suggestion or implication in the prior art as a                   
          whole, or knowledge generally available to one of ordinary                  
          skill in the art, why one having ordinary skill in the                      
          pertinent art would have been led to modify the prior art to                
          arrive at the claimed invention.  Uniroyal, Inc. v. Rudkin-                 
          Wiley, 837 F.2d 1044, 1052, 5 USPQ2d 1434, 1438 (Fed. Cir.                  
          1988), cert. denied, 488 U.S. 825 (1988).  These showings by                
          the examiner are an essential part of complying with the                    
          burden of presenting a prima facie case of obviousness.  Note               
          In re Oetiker, 977 F.2d 1443, 1445, 24 USPQ2d 1443, 1444 (Fed.              
          Cir. 1992).                                                                 
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