Ex parte KONISHI et al. - Page 5




          Appeal No. 1998-0063                                                        
          Application No. 08/057,805                                                  


               In the present case, the examiner has provided no                      
          secondary references for a teaching, suggestion, or                         
          implication as to why the skilled artisan would have modified               
          Harari.  The examiner's motivation for modifying Harari is to               
          improve the efficiency of the device by creating back-up space              
          as needed, thereby not wasting memory space.  Although the                  
          motivation for modifying a reference may come from common                   
          knowledge in the art, the examiner's reasoning comes straight               
          from appellants' objects of the invention (Specification,                   
          pages 7-8).  The examiner contends (Answer, page 4) that                    
          similar techniques are used in other environments, but                      
          provides no evidence to corroborate his assertions.  Thus, the              
          examiner clearly has engaged in impermissible hindsight.                    
          Accordingly, we cannot sustain the rejection of claim 15.                   
               Claim 1 similarly recites a means for creating a data                  
          relieving area when and if a defect is detected.  As explained              
          above, the examiner has failed to provide adequate motivation               
          for modifying Harari to meet such a limitation.  Claim 1 also               
          recites a means for creating a second data relieving area when              
          and if the first area is full and a defect is detected.                     
          Harari discloses remapping an entire sector to another sector               
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