Ex Parte SANDHU et al - Page 6



          Appeal No. 2002-0514                                                        
          Application No. 08/886,388                                 Page 6           

               Here, the examiner has reasonably determined that                      
          representative claim 44 is drawn to product stacked capacitors              
          and is not limited by any particular photolithographic process by           
          which it must be made.2  Indeed, appellants (brief, page 5) urge            
          that the claims, including representative claim 44, do not                  
          include any process steps and that any reference thereto as                 
          “product-by-process” claims by the examiner mischaracterizes the            
          claimed subject matter.  That argument of appellants serves to              
          bolster the examiner’s determination that representative claim 44           
          is in violation of the requirements of the second paragraph of              
          35 U.S.C. § 112 for a further reason in that appellants do not              
          appear to be particularly claiming what the applicants regard as            
          the invention.  This is so since representative claim 44 is drawn           
          to a product, which is defined at least in part by the process by           
          which it can be made, subject matter which is in contrast to what           
          appellants suggest is being claimed.                                        
               Moreover, the examiner (answer, pages 11-13) has reasonably            
          determined that there are a number of ways that a characteristic            

               2                                                                      
               2 The patentability of such product-by-process claims is               
          determined based on the product itself.  See In re Thorpe,                  
          777 F.2d 695, 697, 227 USPQ 964, 966 (Fed. Cir. 1985) ("If the              
          product in a product-by-process claim is the same as or obvious             
          from a product of the prior art, the claim is unpatentable even             
          though the prior art product was made by a different process.").            





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