Ex Parte Litwin - Page 20



            Appeal 2007-0635                                                                               
            Application 10/176,598                                                                         

            suggests ranking media files found on media playback devices according to how                  
            long a user has played a media file, notwithstanding that it indisputably discloses            
            ranking media files according to the number of times a file has been played. This              
            comes through in the debate over the difference between the claimed method and                 
            Ward. See below.                                                                               
            Differences between the prior art and the claims at issue.                                     
            6. The Examiner characterizes the difference between Ward and the claimed                      
            method as follows:                                                                             
                  Ward does not expressly disclose the popularity metric being proportional to             
                  a total duration of time the media file is played back. However, since Ward              
                  does teach monitoring user play patterns of media files, particularly, whether           
                  or not a user listens to a media file, Ward does teach the popularity metrics            
                  being proportional to a total amount of times a user plays back a media file.            
                  Therefore, Ward already has the means with which to measure a total                      
                  amount of playback time.                                                                 
            Answer 7-8. Emphasis added.                                                                    
            7. Appellant argues that                                                                       
                         Ward is directed towards an operation of modifying play lists (for the            
                  playback of audio and video files) in view of how popular such files are. The            
                  reference discloses that the system reports to a user, "that a user has listened         
                  to an item," (Ward, col. 7, lines 40-42), which such an item is on the play              
                  list. The specifics of what is reported to is determined by, "when the user              
                  expresses a dislike for a particular content item, either by skipping the item           
                  or through a rating system, the system records such instances in the meta-               
                  data associated with the user," (Ward, col. 8, lines 27-31). Hence, the system           
                  of Ward keeps track of media files in a generalized manner where a metric is             
                  developed in view of whether a song or video was played back or not.                     
                  …                                                                                        
                  … a user may play back an entire song (1 minute and 20 seconds long) and                 
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