Ex parte LIU et al. - Page 9




            Appeal No. 96-4103                                                                           
            Application 08/363,479                                                                       


            U.S.C. § 103, the artisan must be aware of the modifications                                 
            that need to be made.                                                                        
            For all the reasons discussed above, we agree with                                           
            appellants that the invention of claims 1 and 5 is not                                       
            rendered obvious by the teachings of Yokoyama taken alone.                                   
            Therefore, we do not sustain the rejection of independent                                    
            claims 1 and 5.  We note that dependent claims 2-4 and 6-12                                  
            all include the limitations of independent claims 1 or 5.                                    
            None of the other applied prior art references as cited in the                               
            answer teaches an emitter layer of a transistor being made                                   
            from AlGaAs in which the aluminum mole fraction exceeds 0.5.                                 
            Therefore, neither Ohshima, Kusano, Shimura nor Yokoyama ’724                                
            overcomes the deficiency discussed above in the primary                                      
            Yokoyama reference.  Thus, we do not sustain the rejection of                                
            any of claims 1-12.                                                                          
            Independent claim 21 differs from claims 1 and 5 in                                          
            that it recites that the emitter structure comprises a ballast                               
            resistor layer of Al Ga As where x>0.4 and an active emitter                                 
                                     x  1-x                                                              
            layer of Al Ga As where x#0.4 adjacent a base layer.  In                                     
                         x   1-x                                                                         
            rejecting claim 21, the examiner adds Ohshima to Yokoyama as                                 
            teaching an Al Ga As graded layer between the base layer and                                 
                             x  1-x                                                                      


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