Ex Parte ISSA - Page 9

           Appeal 2007-2370                                                                         
           Application 09/373,141                                                                   

        1  U.S.C. § 103(a) (2000); KSR Int’l v. Teleflex Inc., 127 S.Ct. 1727, 1734 (2007);         
        2  Graham v. John Deere Co., 383 U.S. 1, 13-14 (1966).                                      
        3        In Graham, the Court held that that the obviousness analysis is bottomed on        
        4  several basic factual inquiries: “[(1)] the scope and content of the prior art are to be 
        5  determined; [(2)] differences between the prior art and the claims at issue are to be    
        6  ascertained; and [(3)] the level of ordinary skill in the pertinent art resolved.”  383  
        7  U.S. at 17.  See also KSR, 127 S.Ct. at 1734.  “The combination of familiar              
        8  elements according to known methods is likely to be obvious when it does no more         
        9  than yield predictable results.”  KSR, at 1739.                                          
       10        “When a work is available in one field of endeavor, design incentives and          
       11  other market forces can prompt variations of it, either in the same field or in a        
       12  different one.  If a person of ordinary skill in the art can implement a predictable     
       13  variation, § 103 likely bars its patentability.”  Id. at 1740.                           
       14        “For the same reason, if a technique has been used to improve one device,          
       15  and a person of ordinary skill in the art would recognize that it would improve          
       16  similar devices in the same way, using the technique is obvious unless its actual        
       17  application is beyond his or her skill.”  Id.                                            
       18        “Under the correct analysis, any need or problem known in the field of             
       19  endeavor at the time of invention and addressed by the patent can provide a reason       
       20  for combining the elements in the manner claimed.”  Id. at 1742.                         
       21                                   ANALYSIS                                                
       22    Claims 1-62 rejected under 35 U.S.C. § 103(a) as unpatentable over Shkedy and          
       23                         the Appellant's admitted prior art.                               
       24      The Appellant argue these claims as a group.                                         

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