Ex parte KURAKADO et al. - Page 6




          Appeal No. 95-4799                                                           
          Application 07/996,516                                                       

          less than some number.  However, the claims do not merely recite             
          "some number."  Rather, that number must be as set forth in the              
          claimed relationship, i.e., N is greater than the larger of                  
          either 3 or B, where B is proportional to a product of total area            
          of the tunnel junctions and the capacitance per unit area of the             
          tunnel junctions.  Also, N must be less than the larger of C and             
          D where C and D are also defined as being proportional to the                
          product of the total area and capacitance per unit area of the               
          tunnel junctions.                                                            
                    Thus, even if Ishibashi is considered to disclose 4                
          series-connected superconducting tunnel junctions, depending on              
          the values of the total area and capacitance per unit area of the            
          tunnel junctions, Ishibashi may or may not anticipate the claimed            
          subject matter because, depending on these values, N=4 may not               
          meet the claimed limitations.  Similarly, with regard to Irwin,              
          this reference does not indicate any relationship, as claimed,               
          between the number N of tunnel junctions and the total area and              
          capacitance per unit area of the tunnel junctions.                           
                    Further, not only do Ishibashi and/or Irwin not                    
          anticipate the subject matter of claim 11 under 35 U.S.C. 102(b),            
          but we find nothing in either of those references which would                
          have suggested the subject matter of claim 16, i.e., the                     


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