Ex parte SAKOSKE et al. - Page 9




          Appeal No. 96-2682                                                          
          Application 08/145,269                                                      



          teaches in column 3, lines 33-43, an electrode lead for a lamp              
          comprised of an alloy of tungsten and molybdenum.                           
                    It is the burden of the Examiner to establish why one             
          having ordinary skill in the art would have been led to the                 
          claimed invention by the reasonable teachings or suggestions                
          found in the prior art, or by a reasonable inference to the                 
          artisan contained in such teachings or suggestions.  In re                  
          Sernaker, 702 F.2d 989, 995, 217 USPQ 1, 6 (Fed. Cir. 1983).  In            
          addition, the Federal Circuit states that "[t]he mere fact that             
          the prior art may be modified in the manner suggested by the                
          Examiner does not make the modification obvious unless the prior            
          art suggested the desirability of the modification."  In re                 
          Fritch, 972 F.2d 1260, 1266 n.14, 23 USPQ2d 1780, 1783-84 n.14              
          (Fed. Cir. 1992), citing In re Gordon, 733 F.2d 900, 902,                   
          221 USPQ 1125, 1127 (Fed. Cir. 1984).                                       
                    "Additionally, when determining obviousness, the                  
          claimed invention should be considered as a whole; there is no              
          legally recognizable 'heart' of the invention."  Para-Ordnance              
          Mfg. v. SGS Importers Int’l, Inc., 73 F.3d 1085, 1087, 37 USPQ2d            
          1237, 1239 (Fed. Cir. 1995), cert. denied, 117 S.Ct. 80 (1996),             
          citing W. L. Gore & Assocs., Inc. v. Garlock, Inc., 721 F.2d                

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