Ex parte BONISSONE et al. - Page 4




          Appeal No. 96-4014                                                          
          Application 08/192,939                                                      

               The independent claims are directed broadly to the concept             
          of using a fuzzy logic controller for controlling a turboshaft              
          engine.  In our opinion, the issue is whether it would have been            
          obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art to replace the mode             
          selector in the prior art with a fuzzy logic controller.                    
               The prior art of figure 2 shows a schematic diagram of a               
          conventional turboshaft engine control system.  A number of low             
          level controllers are connected to a mode selector.  The low                
          level controllers are "designed to govern the engine when                   
          specific conditions or modes are sensed" (specification, page 3,            
          lines 6-7).  The low level controllers "examine various sensor              
          readings from points within the engine and produce fuel flow and            
          VATN angle derivatives" (specification, page 3, lines 8-10).                
          "These rates then drop through a chain of minimums and maximums             
          (min/max ladder) [in the mode selector] that selects one of those           
          rates."  Specification, page 3, lines 11-13.  Fuel flow is the              
          variable used to control the engine.  Only one low level                    
          controller is active at a time.  As shown in figure 3b, the fuel            
          flow derivative can be clipped due to abrupt mode selection,                
          which produces less than optimal performance (specification,                
          page 3, line 24, to page 4, line 7).                                        
               Hisano is not the simplest reference to address because it             
          contains complicated hardware implementation details that tend to           
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