Appeal No. 96-1555 Application 08/229,619 the base surface. The Examiner's reliance on "routine skill in the art" is mere conclusion and is not supported by any factual evidence of what knowledge was within the level of ordinary skill in the art. See In re Kaplan, 789 F.2d 1574, 1580, 229 USPQ 678, 683 (Fed. Cir. 1986) ("Even if obviousness of the variation is predicated on the level of skill in the art, prior art evidence is needed to show what that level of skill was."). The Examiner's reliance on the concept of "design choice" to fill in the missing teachings of the references is not persuasive. "Design choice" has been used where the differences appear to be a matter of choice by the designer in doing something one way rather than another and solve no stated problem and do not result in a different function or give unexpected results. See In re Chu, 66 F.3d 292, 298-99, 36 USPQ2d 1089, 1094-95 (Fed. Cir. 1995). Reliance on design choice is discouraged as a substitute for factual evidence and sound obviousness reasoning. Since the specific physical shape and arrangement of mirrors provides a different function and result in this case, and since the Examiner has not shown (but has merely concluded) that the selection of mirror shape - 7 -Page: Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 NextLast modified: November 3, 2007