Ex parte WAMBACH - Page 8




          Appeal No. 1997-0800                                                        
          Application No. 08/382,926                                                  
               position through at least a corresponding one of                       
               said first and second rotated positions; (emphasis                     
               added)                                                                 

          because Darroch does not have two ON states, an initial                     
          position, and two corresponding rotated positions.                          
                    Kramer does not supply these missing limitations                  
          since it was cited for its “direction sensor” (answer-page 4)               
          and it is unclear how one would combine Kramer with Robinson                
          and Darroch.  Darroch has been used to replace Robinson’s                   
          fingertip switches, 16a-16e, and now Kramer is proffered by                 
          the Examiner to replace the same switches, 16a-16e.  If Kramer              
          now replaces switches                                                       
          16a-16e, what happens to Darroch?                                           
                    The Federal Circuit states that "[t]he mere fact                  
          that the prior art may be modified in the manner suggested by               
          the Examiner does not make the modification obvious unless the              
          prior art suggested the desirability of the modification."                  
          In re Fritch, 972 F.2d 1260, 1266 n.14, 23 USPQ2d 1780, 1783-               
          84 n.14 (Fed. Cir.  1992), citing In re Gordon, 733 F.2d 900,               
          902, 221 USPQ 1125, 1127 (Fed. Cir. 1984).  "Obviousness may                
          not be established using hindsight or in view of the teachings              



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