Ex parte NICKENS et al. - Page 7




          Appeal No. 1998-3402                                       Page 7           
          Application No. 08/190,929                                                  


          The obviousness rejections                                                  
               We will not sustain the rejection of claims 1 to 15, 18                
          and 19 under 35 U.S.C. § 103.                                               


               Upon evaluation of all the evidence before us, it is our               
          conclusion that the evidence adduced by the examiner is                     
          insufficient to establish a prima facie case of obviousness                 
          with respect to the claims under appeal.  In rejecting claims               
          under                                                                       
          35 U.S.C. § 103, the examiner bears the initial burden of                   
          presenting a prima facie case of obviousness.  See In re                    
          Rijckaert, 9 F.3d 1531, 1532, 28 USPQ2d 1955, 1956 (Fed. Cir.               
          1993).  A prima facie case of obviousness is established by                 
          presenting evidence that would have led one of ordinary skill               
          in the art to combine the relevant teachings of the references              
          to arrive at the claimed invention.  See In re Fine, 837 F.2d               
          1071, 1074, 5 USPQ2d 1596, 1598 (Fed. Cir. 1988) and In re                  
          Lintner, 458 F.2d 1013, 1016, 173 USPQ 560, 562 (CCPA 1972).                


               Obviousness is tested by "what the combined teachings of               
          the references would have suggested to those of ordinary skill              







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