Appeal No. 2004-0927 Page 6
Application No. 09/399,064
USPQ 193, 198 (Fed. Cir. 1983); Kalman v. Kimberly-Clark Corp., 713 F.2d 760, 771,
218 USPQ 781, 789 (Fed. Cir. 1983)). "[A]bsence from the reference of any claimed
element negates anticipation." Kloster Speedsteel AB v. Crucible, Inc., 793 F.2d 1565,
1571, 230 USPQ 81, 84 (Fed. Cir. 1986).
Here, Ginter discloses a "'virtual distribution environment' (called 'VDE' . . . ) that
secures, administers, and audits electronic information use." Col. 2, ll. 19-22.
The "VDE can be used to protect the rights of parties who create electronic content
such as, for example: records, games, movies, newspapers, electronic books and
reference materials, personal electronic mail, and confidential records and
communications." Col. 4, ll. 13-17. More specifically, "the virtual distribution
environment 100, in a preferred embodiment, may package information elements
(content) into a 'container' 302 so the information can't be accessed except as provided
by its 'rules and controls.'" Col. 59, ll. 8-12.
"One possible arrangement of VDE nodes involves use of one or more
'repositories.' A repository, for example, may serve as a location from which
VDE participants may retrieve VDE content containers." Col. 307, ll. 24-27. The
second passage quoted by the examiner explains that "[a] repository service may
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