Ex Parte Lucke - Page 7



          Appeal No. 2004-1460                                                        
          Application No. 09/495,217                                                  

          factual determinations set forth in Graham v. John Deere Co.,               
          383 U.S. 1, 17, 148 USPQ 459, 467 (1966), and to provide a reason           
          why one having ordinary skill in the pertinent art would have               
          been led to modify the prior art or to combine prior art                    
          references to arrive at the claimed invention.  Such reason must            
          stem from some teaching, suggestion or implication in the prior             
          art as a whole or knowledge generally available to one having               
          ordinary skill in the art.  Uniroyal, Inc. v. Rudkin-Wiley Corp.,           
          837 F.2d 1044, 1051, 5 USPQ2d 1434, 1438 (Fed. Cir.), cert.                 
          denied, 488 U.S. 825 (1988); Ashland Oil, Inc. v. Delta Resins &            
          Refractories, Inc., 776 F.2d 281, 293, 227 USPQ 657, 664 (Fed.              
          Cir. 1985), cert. denied, 475 U.S. 1017 (1986); ACS Hosp. Sys.,             
          Inc. v. Montefiore Hosp., 732 F.2d 1572, 1577, 221 USPQ 929, 933            
          (Fed. Cir. 1984).  These showings by the examiner are an                    
          essential part of complying with the burden of presenting a prima           
          facie case of obviousness.  Note In re Oetiker, 977 F.2d 1443,              
          1445, 24 USPQ2d 1443, 1444 (Fed. Cir. 1992).  If that burden is             
          met, the burden then shifts to the applicant to overcome the                
          prima facie case with argument and/or evidence.  Obviousness is             
          then determined on the basis of the evidence as a whole and the             
          relative persuasiveness of the arguments.  See Id.; In re Hedges,           
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