Ex Parte Bauchot et al - Page 9




              Appeal No. 2006-0688                                                                                       
              Application No. 09/838,425                                                                                 

              61 USPQ2d at 1433-34.  The examiner cannot simply reach conclusions based on the                           
              examiner’s own understanding or experience - or on his or her assessment of what                           
              would be basic knowledge or common sense.  Rather, the examiner must point to some                         
              concrete evidence in the record in support of these findings.  In re Zurko, 258 F.3d                       
              1379, 1386, 59 USPQ2d 1693, 1697 (Fed. Cir. 2001).  Thus the examiner must not only                        
              assure that the requisite findings are made, based on evidence of record, but must also                    
              explain the reasoning by which the findings are deemed to support the examiner’s                           
              conclusion.  However,  a suggestion, teaching, or motivation to combine the relevant                       
              prior art teachings does not have to be found explicitly in the prior art, as the teaching,                
              motivation, or suggestion may be implicit from the prior art as a whole, rather than                       
              expressly stated in the references.  The test for an implicit showing is what the                          
              combined teachings, knowledge of one of ordinary skill in the art, and the nature of the                   
              problem to be solved as a  whole would have suggested to those of ordinary skill in the                    
              art.  In re Kahn, 441 F.3d 977, 987, 78 USPQ2d 1329, 1336 (Fed. Cir. 2006) (citing  In                     
              re Kotzab, 217 F.3d 1365, 1370, 55 USPQ2d 1313 (Fed. Cir. 2000)).   See also   In re                       
              Thrift, 298 F. 3d 1357, 1363, 63 USPQ2d 2002, 2008 (Fed. Cir. 2002).   These showings                      
              by the examiner are an essential part of complying with the burden of presenting a                         
              prima facie case of obviousness.  Note In re Oetiker, 977 F.2d 1443, 1445, 24 USPQ2d                       
              1443, 1444 (Fed. Cir. 1992).  If that burden is met, the burden then shifts to the                         
              applicant to overcome the prima facie case with argument and/or evidence.                                  
              Obviousness is then determined on the basis of the evidence as a whole and the                             
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