Ex Parte Cole et al - Page 5




          Appeal No. 2006-1685                                                          
          Application No. 10/081,369                                                    
                                                                                       
          there is a teaching, motivation, or suggestion of a motivation to             
          combine references relied on as evidence of obviousness.  Id. at              
          1343, 61 USPQ2d at 1433-34.  The examiner cannot simply reach                 
          conclusions based on the examiner’s own understanding or                      
          experience - or on his or her assessment of what would be basic               
          knowledge or common sense.  Rather, the examiner must point to                
          some concrete evidence in the record in support of these                      
          findings.  In re Zurko, 258 F.3d 1379, 1386, 59 USPQ2d 1693, 1697             
          (Fed. Cir. 2001).  Thus the examiner must not only assure that                
          the requisite findings are made, based on evidence of record, but             
          must also explain the reasoning by which the findings are deemed              
          to support the examiner’s conclusion.  However, a suggestion,                 
          teaching, or motivation to combine the relevant prior art                     
          teachings does not have to be found explicitly in the prior art,              
          as the teaching, motivation, or suggestion may be implicit from               
          the prior art as a whole, rather than expressly stated in the                 
          references.  The test for an implicit showing is what the                     
          combined teachings, knowledge of one of ordinary skill in the                 
          art, and the nature of the problem to be solved as a whole would              









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