- 20 -                                         
          that his family had invested in Plastics Recycling transactions.            
          Snyder did not seek advice from anyone other than Becker and                
          Miller.  The tax and business risks detailed in the offering                
          materials did not concern Snyder.  His position is that he                  
          believed that any investigation on his part would be redundant              
          and a waste of money.                                                       
               As for Busch, the record is devoid of any indication that he           
          made any effort independently to investigate the Partnership                
          transactions beyond attending the meeting with Snyder and Becker.           
               Petitioners in these consolidated cases never made a profit            
          in any year from their participation in the Partnership                     
          transactions.  Snyder did not see a Sentinel EPE recycler prior             
          to investing in the Partnership transactions, and there is                  
          nothing in the record to indicate that Busch ever saw one.                  
          Petitioners in each case do not have any education or work                  
          experience in plastics recycling or plastics materials.                     
                                       OPINION                                        
               We have decided more than two dozen of the Plastics                    
          Recycling group of cases.9  The majority of these cases, like the           
          9    Provizer v. Commissioner, T.C. Memo. 1992-177, affd. without           
          published opinion 996 F.2d 1216 (6th Cir. 1993), concerned the              
          substance of the partnership transaction and also the additions             
          to tax.                                                                     
               The following cases concerned the addition to tax for                  
          negligence, inter alia:  Spears v. Commissioner, T.C. Memo. 1996-           
          341; Stone v. Commissioner, T.C. Memo. 1996-230; Reimann v.                 
          Commissioner, T.C. Memo. 1996-84; Bennett v. Commissioner, T.C.             
                                                             (continued...)           
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