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          businessmen and acquisition specialists, they would or should               
          have learned that the Plastics Recycling deal was a sham.  If               
          they had persisted in inquiring whether the recycling machines              
          were "technologically vulnerable", the expert testimony in these            
          cases leads to the conclusion that they would have learned that             
          the machinery in question was not unique but that similar or                
          better products were readily available in the market for a                  
          fraction of the cost built into the Plastics Recycling                      
          transactions.                                                               
               Corporate executives as sophisticated and experienced as               
          petitioners either learned or should have learned the source of             
          Becker's valuation information when they put him "through the               
          drill" and he reported to them "precisely what [he] had done to             
          investigate or analyze the transaction."  There was a glaring gap           
          in the valuation information Becker claims to have furnished to             
          petitioners.  Petitioners were peculiarly well qualified to                 
          understand that they were buying into an investment credit tax              
          shelter and claiming tax benefits based on the underlying value             
          of machinery, but neither they nor the accountant who brought the           
          deal to them had checked out the value of that machinery with a             
          reliable, qualified, independent source.  We recognize that                 
          Snyder, as the senior person, may have been more experienced in             
          acquisitions and in investigation than Busch.  Nevertheless, both           
          were experienced corporate executives.  We do not think they were           
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