- 21 -                                         
          the information in the offering materials and what Feinstein told           
          him.  The warnings and caveats in the offering memorandum did not           
          concern him.  Alter never asked whether there were any comparable           
          machines already on the market, and he was unaware of any                   
          companies that would be suitable end-users for the recyclers.  He           
          knew that Feinstein did not have any expertise in plastics                  
          materials or plastics recycling.  Alter and his wife Deborah                
          never made a profit from their participation in Poly Reclamation.           
                                       OPINION                                        
               We have decided a large number of the Plastics Recycling               
          group of cases.8  The majority of these cases, like the present             
          8    Provizer v. Commissioner, T.C. Memo. 1992-177, affd. without           
          published opinion 996 F.2d 1216 (6th Cir. 1993), concerned the              
          substance of the partnership transaction and also the additions             
          to tax.                                                                     
               The following cases concerned the addition to tax for                  
          negligence, inter alia:  Becker v. Commissioner, T.C. Memo. 1996-           
          538; Jaroff v. Commissioner, T.C. Memo. 1996-527; Gollin v.                 
          Commissioner, T.C. Memo. 1996-454; Grelsamer v. Commissioner,               
          T.C. Memo. 1996-399; Zenkel v. Commissioner, T.C. Memo. 1996-398;           
          Estate of Busch v. Commissioner, T.C. Memo. 1996-342; Spears v.             
          Commissioner, T.C. Memo. 1996-341; Stone v. Commissioner, T.C.              
          Memo. 1996-230; Reimann v. Commissioner, T.C. Memo. 1996-84;                
          Bennett v. Commissioner, T.C. Memo. 1996-14; Atkind v.                      
          Commissioner, T.C. Memo. 1995-582; Triemstra v. Commissioner,               
          T.C. Memo. 1995-581; Pace v. Commissioner, T.C. Memo. 1995-580;             
          Dworkin v. Commissioner, T.C. Memo. 1995-533; Wilson v                      
          Commissioner, T.C. Memo. 1995-525; Avellini v. Commissioner, T.C.           
          Memo. 1995-489; Paulson v. Commissioner, T.C. Memo. 1995-387;               
          Zidanich v. Commissioner, T.C. Memo. 1995-382; Ramesh v.                    
          Commissioner, T.C. Memo. 1995-346; Reister v. Commissioner, T.C.            
          Memo. 1995-305; Fralich v. Commissioner, T.C. Memo. 1995-257;               
                                                             (continued...)           
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