Estate of Bessie I. Mueller, Deceased, John S. Mueller, Personal Representative - Page 67

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            mitigation further at trial or on brief, I would deem petitioner                           
            to have waived this defense, insofar as its ability to assert it                           
            in this proceeding is concerned.                                                           
                  That might not be the end of the matter.  The mitigation                             
            provisions may have a preemptive effect on petitioner’s right to                           
            equitable recoupment.  Compare, e.g., Brigham v. United States,                            
            200 Ct. Cl. 68, 470 F.2d 571, 577 (1972) with First Natl. Bank of                          
            Omaha v. United States, 565 F.2d 507, 512, 518 (8th Cir. 1977).                            
            However, respondent has not argued that equitable recoupment is                            
            unavailable to petitioner because mitigation preempts it, nor did                          
            petitioner argue that there is no preemption.  Under the                                   
            circumstances, I would hold that respondent has waived the                                 
            preemption argument.25  Consequently, the mitigation provisions                            


                  25In light of the regulation stating that statutory                                  
            mitigation is only available for inconsistencies involving solely                          
            the income tax, sec. 1311(a)-2(b), Income Tax Regs., and Chevron,                          
            U.S.A., Inc. v. Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc., 467 U.S.                          
            837 (1984), which requires us to defer to that regulation if it                            
            is reasonable, see Reno v. Koray, 515 U.S. ___, ___, 115 S. Ct.                            
            2021, 2023 (1995) (Chevron deference owed to interpretive rules),                          
            it would be unnecessary to decide whether, in the absence of the                           
            regulation and Chevron, Chertkof v. United States, 676 F.2d 984,                           
            987-992 (4th Cir. 1992), was correct in holding that statutory                             
            mitigation is also available to correct inconsistencies in                                 
            application of estate tax and income tax.  The weight of                                   
            authority is to the contrary, see Hall v. United States, 975 F.2d                          
            722 (10th Cir. 1992) (windfall profits tax); Ketteman Trust v.                             
            Commissioner, 86 T.C. 91, 110 (1986) (gift tax); Provident Natl.                           
            Bank v. United States, 507 F. Supp. 1197 (E.D. Pa. 1981) (estate                           
            tax); see also, Willis, Correction of Errors Via Mitigation and                            
            Equitable Recoupment:  Some People Still Do Not Understand, 52                             
            Tax Notes 1421 (Sept. 16, 1991); Willis, Some Limits of Equitable                          
            Recoupment, Tax Mitigation, and Res Judicata: Some Reflections                             
            Prompted by Chertkof v. United States, 38 Tax Law. 625 (1985).                             




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