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          I.   Mrs. Pert's Bankruptcy                                                 
               On December 22, 1993, Mrs. Pert filed a voluntary petition             
          for relief from creditors under chapter 7 of the U.S. Bankruptcy            
          Code, listing respondent as the primary creditor.  In her                   
          petition, Mrs. Pert listed as assets a joint interest in Sandy              
          Hook Road worth $130,000, $12 cash on hand, $57 in a joint                  
          checking account, household goods and furnishings worth $3,108,             
          and other items including clothes, jewelry, and firearms worth              
          $530.                                                                       
          J.   Closing Agreements and Notices of Transferee Liability                 
               On April 23, 1993, Mrs. Pert signed closing agreements for             
          1986, 1988, and 1989 for herself and as personal representative             
          of Mr. Riffe's estate.  See Pert v. Commissioner, 105 T.C. 370,             
          373 (1995).  On June 4, 1993, this Court entered a stipulated               
          settlement agreement in Riffe v. Commissioner, docket No. 15214-            
          91, for 1987.  Id.                                                          
               On May 27, 1994, respondent issued notices of transferee               
          liability to Mr. and Mrs. Pert determining that each petitioner             
          was liable as a transferee of Mr. Riffe's assets.                           
                                       OPINION                                        
               We must decide whether, and if so to what extent, Mrs. Pert            
          is liable as a transferee of Mr. Riffe's assets, and whether, and           
          if so to what extent, Mr. Pert is liable as a transferee of Mr.             
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