Ghalardi Income Tax Education Foundation - Page 21

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                  that would be expected ONLY of an accredited                        
                  officer of the Court.  The deportment of the                        
                  Judge in this hearing surely violated the Maxim                     
                  of Jurisprudence noted in CIV � 3512, which                         
                  states, "One must not change his purpose to the                     
                  injury of another."                                                 

                  Finally, Mr. Webber contends that he filed his 1993                 
             return on October 17, 1994, which was timely because                     
             October 15, 1994, fell on Saturday.  The notice of                       
             deficiency states that Mr. Webber's return was filed on                  
             October 19, 1994.  This contention is frivolous because                  
             Mr. Webber introduced no evidence regarding the manner in                
             which his 1993 return was filed or the date on which such                
             filing took place.  Accordingly, there is no basis in the                
             record to overturn respondent's determination on this                    
             point.                                                                   
                  Each of the contentions raised by petitioners is                    
             frivolous or groundless and none of them merit discussion.               
             See Wilcox v. Commissioner, 848 F.2d 1007, 1008 (9th Cir.                
             1988) (stating that paying taxes is not voluntary), affg.                
             T.C. Memo. 1987-225; Carter v. Commissioner, 784 F.2d 1006,              
             1009 (9th Cir. 1986) (rejecting taxpayer's argument that                 
             the income tax is voluntary); Abrams v. Commissioner, 82                 
             T.C. 403, 407 (1984) (stating that gross income under                    
             section 61 means all income from whatever source derived);               
             Rowlee v. Commissioner, 80 T.C. 1111, 1116-1117, 1120                    





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