Louis Stein and Estate of Yvonne Stein - Page 3




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          I.  Substantial Justification                                               
               We may award costs to petitioners where respondent’s                   
          position was not substantially justified (i.e., did not have a              
          reasonable basis in law and fact).  See Pierce v. Underwood, 487            
          U.S. 552, 563-565 (1988).  “The justification for each of                   
          respondent’s positions must be independently determined.”                   
          Foothill Ranch Co. Partnership v. Commissioner, 110 T.C. 94, 97             
          (1998).  Respondent concedes that his position on the CFC issue             
          was not substantially justified.  Respondent contends that his              
          position on the Marne issue was substantially justified, but he             
          offers no law or fact supporting his position.  In addition,                
          respondent failed to contend that his position on the loss issue            
          was substantially justified and offers no law or fact supporting            
          his position.  Thus, respondent has not established that his                
          positions were substantially justified.  See Maggie Management              
          Co. v. Commissioner, 108 T.C. 430, 437-438 (1997) (stating that             
          respondent must establish that his position was substantially               
          justified as to petitions filed after July 30, 1996).                       





          II.  Reasonableness of Fees and Costs                                       
               A.  Attorney’s Fees                                                    








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