Kevin R. Johnston - Page 13




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          respondent’s position that Universal was a sham.5  For example,             
          one request stated that “There has been no change in the use of             
          assets assigned or transferred to the Universal Trust as a result           
          of such transfer or assignment.”                                            
               On April 26, 2000, the Court filed respondent’s Motion to              
          Compel Responses to Respondent’s Interrogatories.  That motion              
          stated:                                                                     
               the primary issue is whether Universal Trust, created                  
               by petitioners Ghavami and Johnston; should be                         
               disregarded for tax purposes due to its lack of                        
               economic substance and attempted assignment of income                  
               with the result that the net income reported by the                    
               trust, is properly reported by petitioners Ghavami and                 
               Johnston.                                                              
               On June 19, 2000, during the hearing on the cross-motions in           
          Universal, the Court brought to petitioner’s attention and                  
          discussed for his benefit the assignment of income, sham trust,             
          and grantor trust theories.  On June 20, 2000, the Court told               
          petitioner that trial of the case at hand would begin on June 27,           
          2000.  The Court arranged this 1-week delay in order to give                
          petitioner yet more time to gather evidence and to encourage the            
          parties to stipulate as many facts as possible.                             



               5 Among the factors we consider, in deciding whether a                 
          purported trust is a sham for tax purposes, is whether the                  
          grantor’s relationship to the property transferred to the trust             
          was materially different after the trust’s formation.  See                  
          Markosian v. Commissioner, 73 T.C. 1235, 1243 (1980).                       






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