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          respondent and encourage him to proffer expert testimony in a                 
          fruitless attempt to establish that a partnership should be                   
          disregarded because the value of a partnership interest is equal,             
          or approximately equal, to the value of the corresponding                     
          underlying assets.  The “willing buyer, willing seller” analysis              
          merely establishes the value of a partnership interest, not                   
          whether the economic substance doctrine is applicable.                        
          II. The Economic Substance Doctrine Should Not Be Employed in                 
               the Transfer Tax Regime To Disregard Entities                            
               A fundamental premise of transfer taxation is that State law             
          defines and Federal tax law then determines the tax treatment of              
          property rights and interests.  See Drye v. United States, 528                
          U.S. 49 (1999); Morgan v. Commissioner, 309 U.S. 78 (1940).  As a             
          result, the courts have not employed the economic substance                   
          doctrine to disregard an entity (i.e., one recognized as bona                 
          fide under State law) for the purpose of disallowing a purported              
          valuation discount.                                                           
               The application of the economic substance doctrine in the                
          transfer tax context generally has been limited to cases where a              
          taxpayer attempts to disguise the transferor or transferees.  The             
          courts in these cases occasionally mention, but do not explicitly             
          incorporate, a business purpose inquiry in their analysis.  See               
          Heyen v. United States, 945 F.2d 359 (10th Cir. 1991)(applying                
          only substance over form analysis to a gift of stock to disregard             
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