Stephen Kowalchuk - Page 8




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          put $5,500 into a scheme that promised for the first year $3,5873             
          in tax credits and $4,298 in ordinary deductions and reduced his              
          income tax liability to zero.4  As far as this record indicates,              
          petitioner made this investment without the slightest notion of               
          how the recyclers, in which he had indirectly invested, worked.               
          Furthermore, as courts have frequently noted, during this period              
          there was extensive publicity concerning questionable tax                     
          shelters.  See, e.g., Freytag v. Commissioner, 89 T.C. 849, 888               
          (1987), affd. 904 F.2d 1011 (5th Cir. 1990), affd. 501 U.S. 868               
          (1991).                                                                       
               These facts require a “reasonable and prudent” person at                 
          least to seek advice from persons who have knowledge concerning               
          the investment.  The only people with whom petitioner spoke                   
          concerning SAB were Messrs. Sullivan and Masak, and it is agreed              
          that they had no such expertise.  Petitioner, therefore, cannot               
          deflect his own culpability onto other shoulders.                             
               We also reject petitioner’s argument that the small amount               
          of his investment militated against seeking further information               
          because of the costs that would have been involved.  Having                   
          claimed bogus tax deductions and credits, he must bear                        
          responsibility for his actions.  The long and short of the matter             


          3    Petitioner’s 1982 income was such that he claimed only a                 
          credit in the amount of $2,814; the unused portion of the credit,             
          however, may have been carried back or forward.  See sec. 46(b).              
          4    Petitioner did have a liability for self-employment taxes.               





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