Thomas P. and Ermina A. Krukowski - Page 38




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          activities where the 1992 proposed regulations apply.  I                      
          disagree.15                                                                   
               A.  The Proposed Regulations’ Silence Is Ambiguous                       
               The long and tortuous history of the section 469 regulations             
          proves that we need not infer a shareholder participation rule                
          from the silence of the 1992 proposed regulations.  To the                    
          contrary, the history shows that silence was ambiguous.                       
                The recharacterization rule employs the terms “activity”                
          and “material participation”.  As the table, supra p. 36, clearly             
          shows, under both the 1988 and 1989 temporary regulations, the                
          definition of one of these key terms didn’t discuss a                         
          shareholder’s participation in C corporation activities.                      
          Nevertheless, under both sets of temporary regulations, a                     
          shareholder clearly did not participate in C corporation                      
          activities, because one or the other of the two key terms was                 
          interpreted as precluding attribution of or participation in such             
          activities.                                                                   




               15 Our memorandum opinion in Sidell v. Commissioner, T.C.                
          Memo. 1999-301, made a similar inference in support of its                    
          conclusion that shareholders participate in corporate activities              
          under the 1992 proposed regulations.  Although Sidell v.                      
          Commissioner, 78 T.C.M. (CCH) 53,537 at 430, 1999 T.C.M. (RIA)                
          par. 99,301 at 99-1929, stated that “Simply put, the proposed                 
          regulations’ silence means nothing, not something”, Sidell                    
          nevertheless concluded that from this silence “it is inferable”               
          that the Commissioner didn’t intend, in the 1992 proposed                     
          regulations, to adhere to the position of the temporary                       
          regulations.                                                                  




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