Estate of H.A. True, Jr. - Page 299




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          laid out fundamental objective requirements that, if met,                   
          permitted the formula price provided by a buy-sell agreement to             
          establish fair market value under predecessors of section 2031.             
          Other cases and the estate tax regulations have expanded those              
          requirements to address such subjective concerns as whether the             
          buy-sell agreement was a bona fide business arrangement and not             
          merely a device to make a testamentary disposition at a bargain             
          price.                                                                      
                   1.  Case Law Preceding Issuance of Regulations                     
              Before the issuance of regulations under section 2031,                  
          courts addressed the effect of option contracts or buy-sell                 
          agreements on the valuation of business interests by examining              
          whether restrictions in the agreement put a ceiling on the price            
          the owner (or his estate) could receive at disposition.                     
          Specifically, buy-sell agreements were required (1) to be                   
          enforceable against the parties, (2) to specify a price, and (3)            
          to bind transferors both during life and at death in order to be            
          given dispositive effect for estate tax valuation purposes.  See            
          Lomb v. Sugden, 82 F.2d 166, 167 (2d Cir. 1936); Wilson v.                  
          Bowers, 57 F.2d 682, 683 (2d Cir. 1932); Estate of Salt v.                  
          Commissioner, 17 T.C. 92, 99-100 (1951) (generally, the Wilson-             
          Lomb test).  Although these requirements were developed in the              
          context of corporate buy-sell agreements, they were also applied            
          to partnership buy-sell agreements.  See Brodrick v. Gore, 224              






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