- 20 -                                         
          Jerry made the required economic outlay.  Jerry is not entitled             
          to increase his basis in Ram by this payment.                               
               4/4/96 Payment                                                         
               Petitioners claim to be entitled to increase their basis in            
          Ram by $100,000 because of this payment.  Petitioners argue that            
          TSI acted as Jerry’s agent in advancing the $100,000 to Ram.                
          Petitioners point to the date of this $100,000 check and to a               
          non-interest-bearing note from Ram to Jerry of the same date and            
          in the same face amount.  On the basis of the record as a whole,            
          we are unpersuaded that this payment constituted an economic                
          outlay by Jerry or that it created a direct indebtedness of Ram             
          to Jerry.  Jerry’s basis in Ram for 1996 may not be increased by            
          this amount.                                                                
               05/17/96 Payment                                                       
               On May 17, 1996, American borrowed $300,000 from Emerald               
          Carpets, Inc.  The obligation is secured by guaranties by Walker            
          and Jerry and is evidenced by an interest-bearing promissory note           
          of the same date.  Emerald Carpet, Inc., provided these funds by            
          writing a $300,000 check to American which was deposited into               
          Ram’s bank account.                                                         
               Petitioners claim that this transaction entitles them to               
          basis of $120,000 in Ram and basis of $30,000 in Innovative.                
          Petitioners point to a $120,000 non-interest-bearing promissory             
          note from Ram to Jerry dated June 1, 1996, and a $30,000 non-               
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