Sam and Anna Zhadanov, et al. - Page 26




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          to do so could result in a violation of the plea agreement and a            
          harsher sentence for Mr. Zhadanov.                                          
               Our review of the record leaves us unconvinced that Vortex             
          fraudulently failed to file its FYE 1993 return.  The record                
          leaves us instead with the impression that Vortex’s failure to              
          file its return was due to other circumstances such as the                  
          seizure of necessary records, and the arrest and imprisonment of            
          Vortex’s sole shareholder/president.  Because respondent has the            
          burden of proving that Vortex fraudulently failed to file its               
          return by clear and convincing evidence, the unconvincing nature            
          of the record is fatal to respondent’s claim.  Accordingly, we do           
          not sustain respondent’s determination of the section 6651(f)               
          penalty for FYE 1993.                                                       
               C.  The Delinquency Penalty Against Vortex for FYE 1993                
               Alternatively, respondent determined that Vortex was liable            
          for the addition to tax pursuant to section 6651(a) should we               
          find that Vortex’s failure to file was not due to fraud.  Vortex            
          bears the burden of proof on this issue.15  Rule 142(a); Lee v.             
          Commissioner, 227 F.2d 181, 184 (5th Cir. 1955), affg. a                    
          Memorandum Opinion of this Court; BJR Corp. v. Commissioner, 67             
          T.C. 111, 131 (1976).                                                       



               15The burden of proof provisions of sec. 7491 do not apply             
          here because the examination in this case began before July 22,             
          1998.  See Internal Revenue Service Restructuring & Reform Act of           
          1998, Pub. L. 105-206, sec. 3001, 112 Stat. 726.                            





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