Sid Paul Ruckriegel - Page 37

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          those alleged meetings.  (As noted supra, five of the eight sets            
          of promissory notes bear effective dates subsequent to the Paulan           
          direct payment(s) to which they relate.)  Because after-the-fact            
          authorizations (as opposed to genuine ratifications) are not                
          credible, that aspect of a majority of the minutes further                  
          supports our conclusion that the minutes merit little or no                 
          evidentiary weight.  In fact, it supports the conclusion that               
          none of the alleged Paulan or Sidal partner/board meetings                  
          actually took place in the manner or at the times stated in the             
          minutes.16                                                                  
                    (5)  The Accounting Entries                                       
               Neither the promissory notes nor the minutes furnish                   
          significant evidentiary support for petitioners’ claim that the             
          Paulan direct payments constituted back-to-back loans, which                
          would give them tax bases in Sidal.  Therefore, their claim that            
          the Paulan direct payments constituted back-to-back loans                   
          (through them, to Sidal), rests solely upon the accounting for              
          those payments.                                                             




               16  Because all of the alleged meetings of the Paulan and              
          Sidal partners/directors (i.e., petitioners) are alleged to have            
          occurred on the alleged effective dates of the promissory notes             
          to which they relate, we infer that those meeting dates were                
          selected to be consistent with the promissory note effective                
          dates and not because they represent dates when petitioners, in             
          their capacities as partners/directors of Paulan and Sidal,                 
          actually held meetings.                                                     





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