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On June 13, 2007, respondent filed his motion for summary
judgment. On July 5, 2007, petitioners filed a response in
opposition to respondent’s motion. On July 13, 2007, respondent
filed a reply to petitioners’ response in opposition.
Discussion
I. Summary Judgment
Summary judgment is a procedure designed to expedite
litigation and avoid unnecessary, time-consuming, and expensive
trials. Fla. Peach Corp. v. Commissioner, 90 T.C. 678, 681
(1988). Summary judgment may be granted with respect to all or
any part of the legal issues presented “if the pleadings, answers
to interrogatories, depositions, admissions, and any other
acceptable materials, together with the affidavits, if any, show
that there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and that a
decision may be rendered as a matter of law.” Rule 121(a) and
(b); Sundstrand Corp. v. Commissioner, 98 T.C. 518, 520 (1992),
affd. 17 F.3d 965 (7th Cir. 1994); Zaentz v. Commissioner, 90
T.C. 753, 754 (1988). The moving party bears the burden of
establishing that there is no genuine issue of material fact, and
factual inferences will be drawn in a manner most favorable to
the party opposing summary judgment. Dahlstrom v. Commissioner,
85 T.C. 812, 821 (1985); Jacklin v. Commissioner, 79 T.C. 340,
344 (1982). The nonmoving party, however, cannot rest upon the
allegations or denials in his pleadings but must “set forth
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