Cite as: 509 U. S. 155 (1993)
Opinion of the Court
of "return." 37 Conversely, the English translations of "refouler" do not include the word "return." 38 They do, however, include words like "repulse," "repel," "drive back," and even "expel." To the extent that they are relevant, these
37 The New Cassell's French Dictionary 440 (1973) gives this translation: "return (i) [rít]:n], v.i. Revenir (to come back); retourner (to go back); rentrer (to come in again); répondre, répliquer (to answer). To return to the subject, revenir au sujet, (fam.) revenir à ses moutons.—v.t. Rendre (to give back); renvoyer (to send back); rembourser (to repay); rapporter (interest); répondre à; rendre compte (to render an account of); élire (candidates). He was returned, il fut élu; the money returns interest, l'argent rapporte intérêt; to return good for evil, rendre le bien pour le mal.—n. Retour (coming back, going back), m.; rentrée (coming back in), f.; renvoi (sending back), m.; remise en place (putting back), f.; profit, gain (profit), m.; restitution (restitution), f.; remboursement (reimbursement), m.; élection (election), f.; rapport, compte rendu, relevé, état (report); (Comm. montant des opérations, montant des remises; bilan (of a bank), m.; (pl.) produit, m. By return of post, par retour du courrier; in return for, en retour de; nil return, état néant, m.; on my return, au retour, comme je revenais chez moi; on sale or return, en dépôt, en commission; return address, addrese de l'expéditeur, f.; return home, retour au foyer, m.; return journey, retour, m.; return match, revanche, f.; return of casualties, état des pertes, m.; small profits (and) quick returns, petits profits, vente rapide; the official returns, les relevés officiels, m.pl.; to make some return for, payer de retour."
Although there are additional translations in the Larousse Modern French-English Dictionary 545 (1978), "refouler" is not among them.
38 "refouler [r]fúle], v.t. To drive back, to back (train etc.); to repel; to compress; to repress, to suppress, to inhibit; to expel (aliens); to refuse entry; to stem (the tide); to tamp; to tread (grapes etc.) again; to full (stuffs) again; to ram home (the charge in a gun). Refouler la marée, to stem, to go against the tide.—v.i. To ebb, to flow back. La marée refoule, the tide is ebbing." Cassell's, at 627.
"refouler [-le] v. tr. (l). To stem (la marée). , Naut. To stem (un courant). , Techn. To drive in (une cheville); to deliver (l'eau); to full (une étoffe); to compress (un gaz); to hammer, to fuller (du métal). , Milit. To repulse (une attaque); to drive back, to repel (l'ennemi); to ram home (un projectile). , Philos. To repress (un instinct). , Ch. de f. To back (un train). , Fig. To choke back (un sanglot). "—v. intr. To flow back (foule); to ebb, to be on the ebb (marée). , Méd. Refoulé, inhibited." Larousse, at 607.
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