Cite as: 525 U. S. 449 (1999)
Opinion of the Court
support of this assertion, petitioner decries the "double standard" inherent in a procedure that allows the intermediary to reopen (during the 3-year period) for the purpose of recouping overpayments, but to deny reopening when alleged underpayments are at issue.
This argument fails for two reasons. First, and most importantly, petitioner's construction of § 1395x(v)(1)(A)(ii) is inconsistent with our decision in Good Samaritan Hospital v. Shalala, 508 U. S. 402 (1993), in which we held that the Secretary reasonably construed clause (ii) to refer to the year-end reconciliation of monthly payments to providers, see 42 U. S. C. § 1395g, with the total amount of program reimbursement determined by the intermediary. Although we did not specifically consider the procedure for reopening determinations after the year's books are closed, we think our conclusion there—that clause (ii) refers to the year-end book balancing—forecloses petitioner's contention that clause (ii) requires any particular procedure for reopening reimbursement determinations. And second, the procedures for obtaining reimbursement would not be "unsuitable" simply because an intermediary's refusal to reopen is not administratively reviewable. Medicare providers already have the right under § 1395oo(a)(3) to appeal an inter-mediary's reimbursement determination to the Board. Title 42 CFR § 405.1885 (1997) generously gives them a second chance to get the decision changed—this time at the hands of the intermediary itself, but without the benefit of administrative review. That is a "suitable" procedure, especially in light of the traditional rule of administrative law that an agency's refusal to reopen a closed case is generally " 'committed to agency discretion by law' " and therefore exempt from judicial review. See ICC v. Locomotive Engineers, 482 U. S. 270, 282 (1987). As for the alleged "double standard," given the administrative realities we would not be shocked by a system in which underpayments could never be the basis for reopening. The few dozen fiscal intermediaries
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