Minnesota v. Mille Lacs Band of Chippewa Indians, 526 U.S. 172, 4 (1999)

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Cite as: 526 U. S. 172 (1999)

Opinion of the Court

ers for Aitkin County et al., respondents under this Court's Rule 12.6.

Marc D. Slonim argued the cause for respondents Mille Lacs Band of Chippewa Indians et al. With him on the brief were John B. Arum, Charles J. Cooper, and Alan K. Palmer. Barbara McDowell argued the cause for the United States. With her on the brief were Solicitor General Waxman, Assistant Attorney General Schiffer, Deputy Solicitor General Kneedler, and Elizabeth Ann Peterson. James M. Jannetta and Carol Brown Biermeier filed a brief for respondents Bad River Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians et al. William R. Perry, Anne D. Noto, Henry M. Buffalo, Jr., Dennis J. Peterson, and Milton Rosenberg filed a brief for respondents Fond du Lac Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians et al. Howard J. Bichler and M. Joan Warren filed a brief for respondents St. Croix Chippewa Indians of Wisconsin et al.*

Justice O'Connor delivered the opinion of the Court.

In 1837, the United States entered into a Treaty with several Bands of Chippewa Indians. Under the terms of this Treaty, the Indians ceded land in present-day Wisconsin and Minnesota to the United States, and the United States guar*Briefs of amici curiae urging reversal were filed for the State of California et al. by Daniel E. Lungren, Attorney General of California, Roderick E. Walston, Chief Assistant Attorney General, Richard M. Frank and Jan S. Stevens, Assistant Attorneys General, and Joel S. Jacobs, Deputy Attorney General, and by the Attorneys General for their respective States as follows: Frank J. Kelley of Michigan, Joseph P. Mazurek of Montana, Mark Barnett of South Dakota, Jan Graham of Utah, James E. Doyle of Wisconsin, and William U. Hill of Wyoming; and for the Pacific Legal Foundation by Brent D. Boger and Robin L. Rivett.

Carter G. Phillips, Virginia A. Seitz, and John Bell filed a brief for the National Congress of American Indians et al. as amici curiae urging affirmance.

Douglas Y. Freeman filed a brief for the Citizens Equal Rights Alliance as amicus curiae.

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