Cite as: 538 U. S. 803 (2003)
Breyer, J., dissenting
ences how, whether, and at what prices they compete for government contract business." S. Rep. No. 95-1118, p. 4 (1978). Fourth, the CDA provides a prevailing contractor with prejudgment interest, and authorizes expedited procedures. 41 U. S. C. §§ 607(f), 608, 611. These are factors that make the inapplicability of the CDA more costly to successful bidders. See S. Rep. No. 95-1118, at 2-4; ante, at 813-814 (Stevens, J., concurring in judgment).
These circumstances make clear that petitioner's members will likely suffer a concrete monetary harm, either now or in the foreseeable future. Such a showing here is sufficient to satisfy the Constitution's standing requirements. And the threatened injuries, present and future—monetary harm, injuries to a potential or actual contractual relationship, and injuries that arguably fall within the CDA's protective scope—are sufficient to satisfy "prudential" standing requirements as well. Federal Election Comm'n v. Akins, 524 U. S. 11, 19-20 (1998); Association of Data Processing Service Organizations, Inc. v. Camp, 397 U. S. 150, 153 (1970). Cf. Columbia Broadcasting System, Inc. v. United States, 316 U. S. 407, 421-422 (1942).
Given this threat of immediate concrete harm (primarily in the form of increased bidding costs), this case is also ripe for judicial review. As Justice Stevens explains in Parts I and II of his opinion, the case now presents a legal issue— the applicability of the CDA to concession contracts—that is fit for judicial determination. That issue is a purely legal one, demanding for its resolution only use of ordinary judicial interpretive techniques. See ante, at 814-815 (opinion concurring in judgment). The relevant administrative action, i. e., the agency's definition of "concession contract" under the National Parks Omnibus Management Act of 1998, 16 U. S. C. §§ 5951-5966, has been "formalized," Abbott Laboratories v. Gardner, 387 U. S. 136, 148 (1967). It is embodied in an interpretive regulation issued after notice and public comment and pursuant to the Department of the Interior's
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