Appeal No. 96-1879
Application 08/006,194
In rejecting claims under 35 U.S.C. § 103, the examiner
bears the initial burden of presenting a prima facie case of
obviousness. See In re Rijckaert, 9 F.3d 1531, 1532, 28 USPQ2d
1955, 1956 (Fed. Cir. 1993); In re Oetiker, 977 F.2d 1443, 1445,
24 USPQ2d 1443, 1444 (Fed. Cir. 1992). A prima facie case of
obviousness is established by presenting evidence indicating that
the reference teachings would appear to be sufficient for one of
ordinary skill in the relevant art having the references before
him to make the proposed combination or other modification. See
In re Lintner, 458 F.2d 1013, 1016, 173 USPQ 560, 562 (CCPA
1972). Furthermore, the conclusion that the claimed subject
matter is prima facie obvious must be supported by evidence, as
shown by some objective teaching in the prior art or by knowledge
generally available to one of ordinary skill in the art that
would have led that individual to combine the relevant teachings
of the references to arrive at the claimed invention. See In re
Fine, 837 F.2d 1071, 1074, 5 USPQ2d 1596, 1598 (Fed. Cir. 1988),
In re Lalu, 747 F.2d 703, 705, 223 USPQ 1257, 1258 (Fed. Cir.
1984); Ashland Oil, Inc. v. Delta Resins & Refractories, Inc.,
776 F.2d 281, 293, 227 USPQ 657, 664 (Fed. Cir. 1985), cert.
denied, 475 U.S. 1017 (1986), and ACS Hosp, Sys., Inc. v.
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