Ex parte PARADA - Page 23




                Appeal No. 97-1025                                                                                                            
                Application No. 08/183,571                                                                                                    


                is in the general form of a truncated ring or annulus.  In the                                                                
                central part 3', spoke 3 is widened to form a casing, on the                                                                  
                surface of which switch elements are provided in the form of                                                                  
                keys.  Key 7 is provided for operating a heater.  Keys 4, 5 and 6                                                             
                are provided for operating the horn, the headlights (from city to                                                             
                bright) and foglights.  Additionally, a switch element in the                                                                 
                form of a toggle handle 9 is provided for operating the                                                                       
                windshield wiper.   Ahrens states that his invention permits the6                                                                                                
                driver to operate the switch elements with his fingers.7                                                                      


                         Niemeyer discloses a steering wheel 6 including, inter alia,                                                         
                a wheel hub 7, a wheel rim 5 and spokes 1, 2, 3 and 4.  As shown                                                              
                in Figure 1, the rim 5 is of a circular shape.  Located in the                                                                
                spokes 1 and 2 are push button switches 9 and 10 for operating                                                                
                the vehicle's directional indicators.                                                                                         


                         After the scope and content of the prior art are determined,                                                         
                the differences between the prior art and the claims at issue are                                                             
                to be ascertained.  Graham v. John Deere Co., 383 U.S. 1, 17-18,                                                              
                148 USPQ 459, 467 (1966).                                                                                                     

                         6See column 1, lines 52-70, of Ahrens.                                                                               
                         7See column 2, lines 15-21, of Ahrens.                                                                               
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