Ex parte BARSHAD et al. - Page 7




          Appeal No. 96-1625                                                          
          Application No. 08/096,106                                                  


          provide for more fibers in one light path than in the other                 
          light path to thereby compensate for attenuation losses                     
          (Answer, pages 5 and 11).  With respect to the reflected light              
          from the sample 44 in Lequime, the examiner concludes (Answer,              
          page 5) that “it is well known in the art of spectroscopy to                
          substitute a reflected sample system with a transmissive                    
          sample system as taught by Landa.”  According to the examiner               
          (Answer, pages 5 and 11), it is well known in the art to                    
          replace a chopper system with a chopperless system such as the              
          one disclosed by Smith “since the . . . simultaneous detection              
          of reference and sample . . . provides for a more accurate                  
          measurement . . . in that analysis of the reference and sample              
          simultaneously compensates for errors due to source                         
          fluctuations.”                                                              
               We agree with the examiner that the skilled artisan would              
          have known to switch between a reflected system and a                       
          transmissive system based upon the characteristics of the                   
          sample being analyzed.  We also agree with the examiner that                
          the skilled artisan would have appreciated that the two beams               
          in Lequime should be concurrently monitored and compared to                 
          compensate for errors due to source fluctuations.  On the                   
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