Ex parte LIU et al. - Page 5




            Appeal No. 96-4103                                                                           
            Application 08/363,479                                                                       


            837 F.2d 1071, 1073, 5 USPQ2d 1596, 1598 (Fed. Cir. 1988).                                   
            In so doing, the examiner is expected to make the factual                                    
            determinations set forth in Graham v. John Deere Co., 383 U.S.                               
            1, 17, 148 USPQ 459, 467 (1966), and to provide a reason why                                 
            one having ordinary skill in the pertinent art would have been                               
            led to modify the prior art or to combine prior art references                               
            to arrive at the claimed invention.  Such reason must stem                                   
            from some teaching, suggestion or implication in the prior art                               
            as a whole or knowledge generally available to one having                                    
            ordinary skill in the art.  Uniroyal, Inc. v. Rudkin-Wiley                                   
            Corp., 837 F.2d 1044, 1051, 5 USPQ2d 1434, 1438 (Fed. Cir.),                                 
            cert. denied, 488 U.S. 825                                                                   





            (1988); Ashland Oil, Inc. v. Delta Resins & Refractories,                                    
            Inc., 776 F.2d 281, 293, 227 USPQ 657, 664 (Fed. Cir. 1985),                                 
            cert. denied, 475 U.S. 1017 (1986); ACS Hosp. Sys., Inc. v.                                  
            Montefiore Hosp., 732 F.2d 1572, 1577, 221 USPQ 929, 933 (Fed.                               
            Cir. 1984).                                                                                  
            These showings by the examiner are an essential part of                                      
            complying                                                                                    

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